Term
| 3 functions of vertebral column |
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Definition
| stability (support for load bearing), mobility, protection of spinal cord |
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Term
| how many dof in vertebral column |
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Definition
|
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Term
| breakdown of vertebral column |
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Definition
| 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx |
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Term
| can you locate these parts of a vertebrae?: body, pedicle, lamina, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral canal, superior and inferior facets |
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Definition
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Term
| describe cervical spinous processes |
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Definition
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Term
| describe cervical vertebral canal |
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Definition
| large, for passage of large spinal cord |
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Term
| what is transverse foramen |
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Definition
| hole in transverse processes of cervical vertebrae for passage of vertebral artery |
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Term
| describe uncovertebral joints |
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Definition
| on superior lateral borders of bodies of cervical vertebrae. Maybe they add stability, but exact purpose is unknown. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no body, concave superior articular facets, flat inferior facet, no spinous process (posterior tubercle), largest vertebral foramen,has largest transverse process of C-spine |
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Term
| which vertebrae has largest transverse process of C spine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does C1 have instead of a spinous process |
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Definition
|
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Term
| describe C1's inferior facets |
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Definition
|
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Term
| describe C1's superior articular facets |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dens in body, large spinous process, large/flat facets for articulation with C1 |
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Term
| what are the typical cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| describe superior articular facets of C3-6 |
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Definition
| face posterior-superiorly |
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Term
| describe inferior articular facets of C3-6 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| similar to thoracic vertebrae, most prominent spinous process in the spine, |
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Term
| describe the occasional anomaly of C7 |
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Definition
| extra articulations with "cervical rib" |
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Term
| what is the most mobile part of the spine |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the craniocervical region |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 2 major joints of the craniocervical region |
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Definition
| atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial |
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Term
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Definition
| convex occipital condyles on concave superior facets of atlas, gives nodding |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 articulations: dens and posterior surface of anterior arch of atlas, facet joints; gives "no" movement |
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Term
| function of cervical ligaments |
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Definition
| control motion of vertebrae by becoming taut or slack with movement |
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Term
| what determines how a ligament controls movement? |
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Definition
| position/location makes them good at resisting certain motions |
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Term
| describe posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| supports disc posteriorly, tapers inferiorly |
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Term
| describe anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| thick and strong throughout |
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Term
| what are the major ligaments of the spine |
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Definition
| anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, intertransverse ligaments, supraspinous ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| very tough fibrous ligament from dens to the sides of occiptal condyles that restricts axial rotation of the head and atlas and limits sidebending |
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Term
| if you rotate your head to the left, which alar ligament do you tighten? |
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Definition
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Term
| if you rotate your head to the right, which alar ligament do you tighten? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the atlantal cruciform ligament |
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Definition
| encircles the dense withint he atlas |
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Term
| describe the fibers of the altlantal cruciform ligament |
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Definition
| transverse, superior, inferior |
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Term
| function of atlantal cruciform ligament |
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Definition
| with anterior arch of C1, gives the pivot for rotation AND prevents the dens from moving into spinal cord |
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|
Term
| where is tectoral membrane |
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Definition
| just posterior to cruciate ligament |
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Term
| what is tectoral membrane |
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Definition
| continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament |
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|
Term
| function of tectoral membrane |
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Definition
| strengthens connection between skull and spine |
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Term
| no disc between which 2 vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are cervical nerve roots named |
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Definition
| for inferior vertebra (except C8) |
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Term
| how are cervical nerves connected to upper extremities? |
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Definition
| brachial plexus, peripheral nerves |
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Term
| intervertebral disc function |
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Definition
| respond to compression, shock absorption |
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Term
| what is outer part of intervertebral disc, made of concentric rings |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is annulus fibrosis thicker |
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Definition
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Term
| inner part of intervertebral disc |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| consistency of nucleus pulposis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| describe "movement" of nucleus pulposis |
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Definition
| migrates in response to forces of spinal motion. Pressure changes due to postures and location of loads. Moves away from force. |
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Term
| where does disc herniation occur |
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Definition
| posterior-laterally: posterior bc annulus fibrosis thinner posteriorly, which drives nucleus pulposus posterior and lateral bc posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Term
| describe spinal osteokinematics |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, L sidebending, R sidebending, rotation |
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Term
| 3 joints between 2 vertebrae |
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Definition
| 1 interbody joint, 2 apophyseal joints |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| describe apophyseal joints |
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Definition
| supieror and inferior articular facets |
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Term
| how is intervertebral movement guided? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where does most of the weight go down in vertebral column |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is center of rotation in vertebral column |
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Definition
| middle of interbody joint |
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Term
| describe flexion of vertebrae at interbody joints |
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Definition
| anterior compression of IV discs, pushes nucleus posteriorly, causes bulging of annulus anterior to body |
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Term
| describe vertebal extension at interbody joint |
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Definition
| posterior compression of IV discs, pushes nucleus anteriorly, causes bulging of annulus posterior to body |
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|
Term
| functions of apophyseal joints |
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Definition
| guide motion, small load bearing |
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Term
| describe structure of apophyseal joints |
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Definition
| synovial joint with associated structures, meniscoids, ligaments, multifidus, highly innervated |
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|
Term
| total motion of extension at c spine |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does most of extension of Cspine occur |
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Definition
| C2-7, initiated at lower cervical spine |
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|
Term
| what is the position of facets during full extension of the c spine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is close packed position |
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Definition
| everything at its tightest, maximum congruency |
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Term
| how does superior vertebra move as C spine extends? |
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Definition
| moves posterior/inferiorly (slides down and back) |
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|
Term
| what is the total motion of C spine flexion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the amount of flexion from AO joint |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the amount of flexion from the AA joint |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where does most flexion from c spine come from |
|
Definition
| C2-7, initiated at lower cervical spine |
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|
Term
| describe facet motion of c spine in flexion |
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Definition
| superior vertebrae moves superior/anteriorly (up and forward) |
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|
Term
| between what 2 cervical vertebrae does the greatest amount of flexion/extension occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where are we most likely to see degeneration in flexion in the c spine |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If C4/C5 has a lack of flexion and you want to encourage flexion there, what will you push? |
|
Definition
| glide C4 anteriorly on C5 |
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|
Term
| as you glide C4 anteriorly on C5, what is happening with C3 |
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Definition
| causing extension between C3-4 |
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|
Term
| what is the total motoin of axial rotation in c spine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the motion of AA in cervical rotation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the motion of C2-C7 in cervical rotation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the total motion of C spine sidebending (in degrees) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how much does the AO joint contribute to c spine sidebending (in degrees) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what provides most of the movement for c spine sidebending |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the cervical motions at the AO joint |
|
Definition
| about 15 degrees of nodding, slight sidebending, no rotation |
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|
Term
| what are the cervical motions at the AA joint |
|
Definition
| some flex/ext, No sidebending, 45 degrees of cervical rotation |
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|
Term
| what do you get when upper c spine is extended and lower c spine is flexed |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you get when upper c spine is flexed and lower c spine is extended |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| describe cervical spine sidebending and rotation |
|
Definition
| coupled ipsilaterally: they happen together |
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|
Term
| what opens the intervertebral foramen to provide more room for nerve root |
|
Definition
| flexion, sidebend away, rotate away |
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|
Term
| what closes the intervertebral foramen and makes less room for nerve root? |
|
Definition
| extension, sidebend toward, rotate toward |
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|
Term
| what drives a disc's nucleus anterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drives a disc's nucleus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does gravity want to do to c spine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| list the cervical muscles |
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Definition
| sternocleidomastoid, anterior/middle/posterior scalenes, longus coli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliqus capitis superior, obliqus capitis inferior |
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Term
| which muscles have greater moment arm, superfirical or deep muscles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do anterior neck muscles and levator scapulae do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is thoracic outlet syndrome |
|
Definition
| compression on brachial plexus from muscles, fibrous tissue, cervical rib |
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|
Term
| describe forward head posture |
|
Definition
| line of gravity is anterior, creep exacerbates, active structures stretched or shortened (weakened either way) |
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