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Cerebellum
Sucks
14
Anatomy
Professional
03/26/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Gross Anatomy

Definition

Located in the posterior fossa

Separated from occipital lobes by tentorium cerebelli

Overlies dorsal surface of pons and medulla

Contributes to floor of the 4th ventricle

Vermis – Midline

Cerebellar hemispheres – Lateral

Makes up ~10 % of overall weight of brain

Supplied by vertebrobasilar arterial system

 

Term




Cerebellar Lobes

Definition

Flocculonodular – Oldest lobe -- Archicerebellum

Anterior – More recent --  Paleocerebellum

Posterior – Most recent -- Neocerebellum

Term

 

 

 

Cerebellar Peduncles 

Definition

Has three paired peduncles

Superior cerebellar peduncle –connects cerebellum to midbrain – Efferent pathways

Middle cerebellar peduncle – connects cerebellum to the pons – Afferent pathways

Inferior cerebellar peduncle – connects cerebellum to medulla – Both Efferent and Afferent

Term




Somatotopic Representation

Definition

In general
Midline (Vermis) - Represents the trunk

Lesion affect equilibrium

Lateral (Hemispheres) - Represents the extremities

Lesions affect extremity movement

Term

 

 

 

Cerebellar Tonsils

Definition

Cerebellar tonsils – paired structures on inferior surface of posterior lobe
Increased intracranial pressure may cause downward tonsillar herniation à leads to brain stem compression
Each cerebellar hemisphere is further subdivided into lobules  folia

Folia – characteristic external appearance during surgery
Folia have no functional significance

Term




Blood Supply

Definition

Supplied by Vertebrobasilar system (posterior circulation)
Superior cerebellar artery – Branch from Basilar artery – superior cerebellum and midbrain
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) – Branch from basilar artery – middle cerebellum and pons
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) – Branch from vertebral artery – inferior cerebellum and medulla

Term

 

 

 

Rule of Threes

Definition

SCA – Superior cerebellum –Midbrain – CN 3-6
AICA – Middle Cerebellum – Pons – CN 7-8
PICA – Inferior Cerebellum – Medulla – CN 9-12

Term

 

 

 

Dentate Nucleus 

Definition

Largest of the deep cerebellar nuclei
Bulk of axons project from here to the contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus (via SCP)
Receives both inhibitory (Purkinje cell) and excitatory (Climbing and mossy fibers)

Term

 

 

 

Interposed Nuclei

Definition

Collective name for Emboliform nucleus and Globose nucleus

Emboliform nucleus – medial to dentate nucleus

Globose nucleus – medial to emboliform nucleus

Axons project mainly to red nucleus (via SCP)

Term

 

 

 

Fastigial Nucleus

Definition

Most medial of deep nuclei

Located in roof of fourth ventricle

Projections cross within the cerebellum (not via SCP)

Most axons are efferent to the vestibular nuclei

Term

 

 

 

Microanatomy of Cerebellum 

Definition

Cortex is made up of three layers
Outer Molecular layer

Middle Purkinje cell layer

Inner Granule cell layer

Term




Afferent Pathways

Definition

§
§From cerebral cortex:

Parietal cortex (secondary visual, primary and secondary somatic sensory)

Cingulate cortex (limbic)

Frontal cortex (primary and secondary motor)

§Other sources

Red nucleus

Superior colliculus

Spinal cord (Clarke’s column)

Vestibular nucleus

Reticular formation

Inferior olivary nucleus

Locus ceruleus

Term

 

 

 

Efferent Pathways

Definition

§Output Targets of the Cerebellum
§
§Red nucleus
§Vestibular nucleus
§Superior colliculus
§Reticular formation
§Motor cortex (via thalamus)

Term

 

 

 

Pathology

Definition

Cerebellum can be affected by:
Congenital (Chiari malformation)
Tumor (Intraaxial and Extraaxial)
Vascular (Stroke, Aneurysm, AVM, Hemorrhage)
Infection
Inflammation
Other

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