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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
120
Anatomy
Graduate
02/24/2015

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Term
Cerebellum receives 2 types of information: what are they
Definition
copy of motor commands traveling from the cerebral cortex to the SC, sensory information about the movements of body parts
Term
the cerebellum recieves 2 types of information: what does it do with the information
Definition
cerebellum compares motor message to muscles with the actual performance characteristics of the movement and adjusts the motor message during the movement so it is performed appropriately
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: zones
Definition
intermediate, lateral zone
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure medial to intermediate zone
Definition
vermis
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: separates anterior lobe and posterior lobe
Definition
primary fissure
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: lobes
Definition
anterior lobe, posterior lobe
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: which lobe is smaller
Definition
anterior
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: which lobe is larger
Definition
posterior
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure inferior to cerebellar peduncles
Definition
flocculus
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: structure medial to cerebellar peduncles
Definition
nodulus
Term
gross anatomy of cerebellum: nuclei (4)
Definition
fastigial, globose, emboliform, dentate
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: afferents from what structures enter the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei? (3)
Definition
spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, motor info from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: motor info from the cerebral cortex enters the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei via what
Definition
pontine nuclei
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: afferents enter what structures? (2)
Definition
cerebellar cortex, deep nuclei
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information leaves the cerebellar cortex and continues to where
Definition
deep nuclei
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information from the deep nuclei continues to where
Definition
brain stem and cerebral cortex via thalamus
Term
Generalized Cerebellar Circuit: information from the deep nuclei enter the brain stem and cerebral cortex via what
Definition
thalamus
Term
cerebellum has how many functional units?
Definition
3
Term
what are the 3 functional units of the cerebellum?
Definition
vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum
Term
vestibulocerebellum: theme
Definition
cerebellum uses sensory information from vestibular organ to control balance and eye movement
Term
vestibulocerebellum: function
Definition
plays a critical role in controlling axial musculature used to maintain balance (via vestiublospinal tracts) and controls eye movements (via MLF)
Term
vestibulocerebellum: pathways
Definition
involves afferents from the vestibular nerve and nuclei to the cerebellum
Term
vestibulocerebellum: lesions can result in waht
Definition
eye movement problems, gait problems may result from balance impairments
Term
vestibulocerebellum: primary axon
Definition
CN VIII
Term
vestibulocerebellum: primary cell body
Definition
vestibular nuclei and ICP
Term
vestibulocerebellum: 2nd order cell body
Definition
ICP
Term
vestibulocerebellum: information from the ICP goes to where
Definition
flocculonodular lobe
Term
vestibulocerebellum: efferents from flocculonodular lobe travel back to what
Definition
vestibular nuclei
Term
vestibulocerebellum: efferents from flocculonodular lobe travel back to vsetibular nuclei via what
Definition
juxtarestiform body
Term
spinocerebellum: theme
Definition
cerebellum uses proprioceptive information from the body to monitor and adjust ongoing movements
Term
spinocerebellum: function
Definition
contrls the execution of trunk and limb movements by making adjustments to muscle activity during the movement, also regulates muscle tone
Term
spinocerebellum: pathways
Definition
sensory information from the body ascends in SC and terminates in spinocerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: lesions
Definition
results in inappropriate activation of muscles intended for movement; hypotonia
Term
what are teh 2 parts of the spinocerebellum
Definition
vermis, intermediate zone
Term
what are the 4 afferents of the spinocerebellum?
Definition
cuneocerebellar tract, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, ventral spinocerebellar tract, from inferior olivary nucleus/complex
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: projection to which side?
Definition
ipsilateral
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral projection from where
Definition
spinal cord
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ispilateral projection from spinal cord to what
Definition
cerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral projection from spinal cord to cerebellum via what
Definition
ICP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: what does it transmit?
Definition
proprioceptive and tactile information from the upper body
Term
cuneocerebellar tract: 1st order nucleus
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: central process of dorsal root ganglion synapses with what
Definition
lateral cuneate nucleus
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: 2nd order cell body/nucleus
Definition
ipsilateral lateral cuneate nucleus
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: 2nd order axon/tract
Definition
cuneocerebellar tract
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: cuneocerebellar tract: synapses with what
Definition
ICP to Cerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: transmits what?
Definition
proprioceptive and tactile information from the lower body
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: pathway to which side?
Definition
ipsilateral
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from where
Definition
spinal cord
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from spinal cord to where
Definition
cerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: direct ipsilateral pathway from spinal cord to cerebellum via what
Definition
ICP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: 1st order cell body/nucleus
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: central processes of the dorsal root ganglion synapse with what?
Definition
nucleus dorsalis
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: central processes of the dorsal root ganglion synapse with nucleus dorsalis at what levels?
Definition
T1-L2
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: second order cell body/nucleus
Definition
nucleus dorsalis
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: second order axon/tract
Definition
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: dorsal spinocerebellar tract: dorsal spinocerebellar tract synapses with what
Definition
ICP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: is what type of pathway?
Definition
double crossed
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: double crossed pathway from where
Definition
spinal cord
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: double crossed pathway from spinal cord to where
Definition
cerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: doubled crossed pathway from spinal cord to cerebellum via what
Definition
SCP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: transmits what?
Definition
copy of motor information from spinal motoneurons of lower body to cerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: 1st order nucleus/cell
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: crosses where?
Definition
immediately at dorsal root ganglion level, and then again at level of SCP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: ventral spinocerebellar tract: enters the cerebellum via what?
Definition
SCP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from where
Definition
spinal cord
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from spinal cord to where
Definition
contralateral spinocerebellum
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: relays information from spinal cord to contralateral spinocerebellum via what?
Definition
ICP
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: these afferent fibers known as what?
Definition
climbing fibers
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: inferior olive receives what information?
Definition
motor
Term
spinocerebellum: afferents: from inferior olivary nucleus/complex: inferior olive recieves motor information from where
Definition
brainstem nuclei
Term
Efferent projections from the spinocerebellum influence the two motor components that project to the spinal cord: what are they?
Definition
brainstem nuclei and motor cortex
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: vermis sends information where?
Definition
fastigial nuclei
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: fastigial nuclei sends information to where
Definition
SCP and ICP
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information that enters the SCP goes where?
Definition
to contralateral Ventrolateral Nucelus of thalamaus and contralateral reticular formation
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information that enters the ICP go where
Definition
ipsilateral reticular formatoin and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information of the vestibular nuclei goes where
Definition
medial vestibulospinal tract and lateral vestibulospinal tract
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the reticular formation goes where
Definition
reticulospial tract
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus goes where
Definition
primary motor cortex (area 4)
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: information from the LVST/MVST, reticulospinal tract, and primary motor cortex (area 4) all go where
Definition
axial/proximal limb mm
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: vermis: which efferent crosses before going to axial/rpxomal limb mm
Definition
primary motor cortex (area 4)
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: intermediate zone sends information where
Definition
interpositus nuclei (emboliform and globos nuclei)
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the interpositus nuclei (emboliform and globose) goes where
Definition
SCP
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from SCP goes where
Definition
contralateral Red Nucleus and contralateral Ventrolateral Nuceleus of Thalamus
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the red nucelus goes where
Definition
rubrospinal tract
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from the ventrolateral nucelus of thalamus goes where
Definition
primary motor cortex (area 4)
Term
spinocerebellum: efferents: intermediate zone: information from rubrospinal tract and primary motor cortex (area 4) goes where
Definition
crosses to contralateral distal limb mm
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: theme
Definition
cerebellum sends and receives information from motor areas of cerebral cortex to plan movements
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: function
Definition
planning and initiation of movements
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: pathways
Definition
cerebro(ponto) cerebellum receives afferents from motor areas of the cerebral cortex via the contralateral pons and projects back to motor areas of cerebral cortex
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: lesions
Definition
cause delayed initiation of movements, decreased muscle tone, and lack of muscle coordination
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information goes from motor cortex to where
Definition
ipsilateral pontine nuclei
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information from pontine nuclei goes where
Definition
contralateral MCP
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: information goes from MCP to where
Definition
lateral cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nucleus
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: afferents: when does the afferent become an efferent?
Definition
when the information reaches the lateral cerebellar hemisphere/dentate nucleus
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from lateral cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nucleus goes wehre
Definition
congregates in the dentate nucleus
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from the dentate nucleus goes where
Definition
SCP
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: information from the SCP goes where
Definition
ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus
Term
Cerebrocerebellum: efferents: ventrolateral nucelus of thalamus sends information where
Definition
to motor cortex
Term
lack of coordinated contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles
Definition
ataxia/asynergy (drunk walk)
Term
inaccurate movement range or direction
Definition
dysmetria
Term
excessive movement amplitude (overshoot)
Definition
hypermetria
Term
insufficient movement amplitude (fall short)
Definition
hypometria
Term
inability to readjust limb position whem movement is disturbed
Definition
lack of check
Term
other results of cerebellar lesions (5)
Definition
inappropriate force, delayed initiation of movement, hypotonia, nystagmus, dysarthria
Term
cerebellar lesions can result in decomposition of movement meaning what
Definition
sequence of movements are distorted
Term
inability to perform fine, repetitive movements
Definition
dysdiadochokinesia
Term
cerebellar lesions: occurs during muscle contraction or during performance of a voluntary task
Definition
kinetic/intention tremor
Term
uncoordinated, slurred, or slow speech
Definition
dysarthria
Term
cerebellar symptoms are caused by damage to what (3)
Definition
cerebellum, its peduncles, or its CNS pathways
Term
2 tests commonly used to check cerebellar dysfunction
Definition
finger to nose, heel to shin
Term
why are the finger to nose and heel to shin test used to check cerebellar dysfunction?
Definition
reveal tremor and decomposition of movement with cerebellar impairment
Term
general rules of cerebellar lesions
Definition
produce ipsilateral motor changes
Term
lateral hemisphere lesions produce what symptoms
Definition
distal limb asynergia
Term
vermis lesions produce what symptoms
Definition
trunk and gait (proximal and axial) disorders
Term
vestibulocerebellar lesions cause what symptoms (3)
Definition
eye movement disorders, loss of balance, gait ataxia (lack of ability to use vestibular info)
Term
spinocerebellar lesions usually involve only what
Definition
vermis
Term
spinocerebellar lesions symptoms include (4)
Definition
impaired leg movements, ataxic gait (even when physically supported), dysmetria, tremor, hypotonia
Term
spinocerebellar lesions mostly involve which limbs
Definition
lower limbs
Term
vermis is especially sensitive to what
Definition
alcohol intoxication
Term
cerebrocerebellar lesions cause what symptoms (8)
Definition
ataxia of limbs (finger to nose, heel to shin), dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, lack of check, hypotonia, dysarthria, delayed initiation of movement
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