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Cerebellum
Anything having to do with the cerebellum
26
Anatomy
Graduate
04/11/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cerebellar Functions
Definition

Detects and corrects movement errors

 

Compare intended vs. actual movement

 

Contributes to motor learning

Term
Inputs to the Cerebellum
Definition

There are 40x more projections to the cerebellum than from it

 

Extensive information regarding goals, commands, and feedback signals

Term
Cerebellar outputs
Definition

Focused mainly on premotor and motor systems of brainstem and cortex

 

*No direct influence on lower motor neurons*

Term

Damage to the cerebellum

(Ataxia)

Definition
Disruption of spatial accuracy and temporal coordination of movement ipsilateral to the lesion
Term
Damage to the cerebellum
Definition

Impaired balance, unsteady gait, and abnormal eye movements often accompanied by vertigo, nausea and vomiting

 

Impaired motor learning and certain cognitive functions

 

Does not alter sensory thresholds or strength of muscle contractions!!

Term
Deep Nuclei
Definition

Dentate (Most lateral)

 

Emboliform

 

Globos

 

Fastigial  (Most Medial)

 

 

Term
Cerebellum pathway overview
Definition

1) Peduncles bring information into the cerebellar cortex

 

2)  Cerebellar cortex projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei

 

3)  Info is sent from deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and brainstem

Term
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Definition

The primary afferent or incoming input

 

(Exception:  Efferent to the brainstem)

Term
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Definition
Primarily afferent or incoming input
Term
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Definition

Primarily efferent or outgoing

 

(Exception:  Afferent, anterior spinocerebellar)

Term
Afferent axons to the cerebellar cortex
Definition

Mossy Fibers

 

Climbing Fibers:  from inferior olivary nucleus directly to the purkinje cell

Term
3 layers of the cerebellar cortex
Definition

Granular layer (innermost layer)

 

Purkinje cell layer (single layer of purkinje cell bodies)

 

Molecular layer (outermost layer)

Term
Granular layer
Definition

Contains granule cells and Golgi interneurons

 

Mossy fibers terminate here

Term
Purkinje Cell Layer
Definition

Is composed of purkinje cell bodies

 

The dendrites project into the molecular layer

 

Axons project to deep cerebellar nuclei and provide the main output of the cerebellar cortex

Term
Molecular layer
Definition

Contains the axons of the granule cells (parallel fibers) and dendrites of the purkinje cells

 

Also contains the stellate and basket cells (inhibit the purkinje cells)

Term
Parallel Fibers
Definition
Excite the purkinje cells and Golgi cells
Term
Mossy Fibers
Definition

1)Course from the spinal cord and brainstem to terminate in the granular layer

2)Carry sensory info from periphery and info from cerebral cortex

3)Excite the dendrites of granule cells

 

 

Term
Climbing Fibers
Definition

Originate in contralateral inferior olivary nuclei


Convey somatosensory, visual and cerebral cortical info

 

Excite the purkinje cells directly

Term
Dentate
Definition

Most lateral and largest deep nuclei

 

It receives input from the lateral hemisphere and from cerebellar afferents that carry information from the cerebral cortex (via the pontine nuclei).

 

It projects to the contralateral red nucleus and the ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nucleus.

Term
Granule Cells
Definition

Majority of cells in the cerebellum

 

Axons project to the cerebellar cortex to become parallel fibers

 

Parallel fibers excite the purkinje cells which in turn inhibit the deep nuclei

Term
Functional Subdivisions of the Cerebellum
Definition

Vermis

 

Intermediate Zones

 

Lateral Hemispheres

Term
Fastigial Nucleus
Definition

1) Most medial cerebellar nucleus

 

2)  Receives input from vermis and from cerebellar afferents that carry vestibular, proximal somatosensory, auditory, and visual information.

 

3)  It projects to the vestibular nuclei and the reticular formation.

Term
Interposed Nuclei
Definition

Composed of the emboliform and the globos nuclei

 

They receive input from the intermediate zone and from cerebellar afferents that carry spinal, proximal somatosensory, auditory, and visual information.

 

They project to the contralateral red nucleus (the origin of the rubrospinal tract).

Term
Vestibulocerebellum
Definition

Comprises the flocculonodular lobe and its connections with the lateral vestibular nuclei.

 

Phylogenetically, the vestibulocerebellum is the oldest part of the cerebellum.

 

As its name implies, it is involved in vestibular reflexes and in postural maintenance.

Term
Spinocerebellum
Definition

The spinocerebellum comprises the vermis and the intermediate zones of the cerebellar cortex, as well as the fastigial and interposed nuclei.

It receives major inputs from the spinocerebellar tract. Its output projects to rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal tracts.

It is involved in the integration of sensory input with motor commands to produce adaptive motor coordination.

Term
cerebrocerebellum
Definition

The largest functional subdivision of the human cerebellum, comprising the lateral hemispheres and the dentate nuclei.

Its name derives from its extensive connections with the cerebral cortex, via the pontine nuclei (afferents) and the VL thalamus (efferents).

It is involved in the planning and timing of movements. In addition, the cerebrocerebellum is involved in the cognitive functions of the cerebellum.

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