Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cerebellum and Pathways
Cerebellum and Pathways
48
Anatomy
Professional
04/06/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where does the superior cerebellar peduncle decussate?
Definition
Midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculi
Term
What are the main inputs to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?
Definition
Spinocerebellar Tracts
Term
What are the main inputs to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?
Definition
From the cortex
Term
What are the main inputs to the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?
Definition
From the vestibular system
Term
From medial to lateral, what are the deep cerebellar nuclei?
Definition
Fastigial, Globose+Emboliform, Dentate
Term
Which deep cerebellar nucleus looks like the inferior olive?
Definition
The dentate nucleus
Term
What layer of the cerebellum has the dendrites of the purkinje cells?
Definition
Molecular layer
Term
What layer of the cerebellum has the cell bodies of the purkinje cells?
Definition
Purkinje cell layer
Term
What layer of the cerebellum has granule cells and mossy fiber rosettes?
Definition
Granular layer
Term
What covers the most outer region of the tips of the purkinje dendrites?
Definition
PIA
Term
Purkinje cells use what neurotransmitter?
Definition
GABA- Inhibitory!
Term
What is the only cell type to send axons out of the cerebellar cortex to the deep nuclei and brainstem?
Definition
Purkinje Cells
Term
Where do we find basket cells and what is their action?
Definition
The best surround the purkinje cells in the purkinje layer and molecular layer- they are GABAergic inhibitory
Term
Where do we find stellate cells and what is their action?
Definition
They are starlike cells in the molecular layer- they are GABAergic inhibitory
Term
What cells send inhibitory projections to the Purkinje cell dendrites and parallel fibers?
Definition
Stellate cells
Term
What are the only glutamatergic/excitatory cells in the cerebellar cortex?
Definition
Granule cells
Term
Where do the axons of the granule cells end up and what do they do?
Definition
They ascend to and split at the molecular layer to course parallel to the pia surface as "parallel fibers"
-They intermingle with purkinje dendrites
Term
What is the main input of granular cells?
Definition
Main input is to purkinje cells
Term
What are golgi cells and where are they found?
Definition
Golgi cells inhibit granule cells, using GABA
They are found deep in the purkinje layer
Term
What type of fibers are the most numerous afferent axons to the cerebellum?
Definition
Mossy fibers
Term
What type of fibers arise from many places EXCEPT for the inferior olive, and are excitatory?
Definition
Mossy Fibers
Term
Mossy fibers bifurcate- what are their two separate innervations?
Definition
One branch to the deep nuclei
One branch to the cerebellar cortex
Term
What can be found in the glial capsule?
Definition
The glial capsule surrounds the mossy fiber rosette
It contains the dendrites from granule cells and golgi cells
Term
What happens in the glial capsule?
Definition
Mossy fibers activate granule cells- information coming in is relayed here
-synaptic vessicles turn on the granule cells
Term
Climbing fibers arise solely from where?
Definition
Inferior Olive- olivocerebellar tract
Term
What do climbing fibers innervate?
Definition
They innervate purkinje cells- climbing fibers are excitatory- a single purkinje cells is innervated by only one climbing fiber, though a single climbing fiber can innervate more than one purkinje cell
Term
What is the big picture of climbing fibers?
Definition
Big Integrators- take all the inputs from what's going on in the brain (sensory, motor) and tells the cerebellum- gives a general tone of what is going on
Term
What are the two major inputs to the cerebellar cortex, and what is the major output?
Definition
Major inputs: mossy and climbing fibers
Major output: purkinje cells
Term
Where do most of the axons leaving the cerebellar cortex end up?
Definition
These are purkinje cells projecting to the deep cerebellar nuclei (some vestibular nuclei)
Term
Where do most of the inputs to the inferior cerebellar peduncle come from?
Definition
Vestibular nuclei, inferior olive, spinal cord (DSCT, CCT) and reticular formation
Term
Where do most of the outputs from the inferior cerebellar peduncle go?
Definition
Inferior olive, vestibular nuclei, reticular formation
Term
Where do the inputs to the middle cerebellar peduncle come from?
Definition
Basilar Pons, via pontine nuclei
Term
Where do the inputs to the superior cerebellar peduncle come from?
Definition
VSCT, RSCT, Trigeminal and Tectospinal tracts
Term
Where do most of the outputs from the superior cerebellar peduncle end up?
Definition
Red nucleus (Cerebellorubral) and thalamus (Dentothalamic)
CROSSSSSSSEEEEEEDDDDDD!!!!!!!!!!!!
Term
What is the main influence on the vestibulospinal tract, and what does it do?
Definition
Vestibulocerebellum- takes info about head movement, makes postural corrections on motor system via vestibular nuclei
Term
What lobe of the cerebellum is involved in the vestibulocerebellum pathways?
Definition
Flucculonodular Lobe
Term
Where do the spinocerebellar tracts project into (what part of the cerebellum)?
Definition
Anterior lobe-
Term
What does the spinocerebellum do?
Definition
It deals with stuff going on RIGHT NOW
Making corrections on the fly for limb movements
Term
If you have a lesion in the right cerebellum, what side of the body is effected and why?
Definition
R-lesion= R-sided problems
The cerebellar pathways are DOUBLCROSSED
Term
What are the two places where the cerebellar pathways cross?
Definition
Once when the superior cerebellar peduncle decussates going to the cortex, and once when both the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts decussate in the brainstem
Term
What does the cerebrocerebellum do?
Definition
It deals with things that are going to happen in the near future- main input comes from the cortex- it helps lay plans together- the cerebellum makes corrections
Term
What happens in VESTIBULOcerebellar injury?
Definition
Truncal ataxia (falling to side of lesion)
Nystagmus-
Term
What type of damage does nystagmus indicate?
Definition
Damage to the flocculonodular lobe, vestibular nuclei, or inner ear
Term
What happens in spinocerebellar or cerebrocerebellar injury?
Definition
Affect most precise movements of extremities
Asynergy, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, decomposition, hypotonia, pendular patellar tendon reflex
Term
What is asynergy?
Definition
Lack of coordination- loss of movement or speed
Term
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
Definition
Cannot perform rapid alternating movements (like supination/pronation)
Term
What is dysmetria?
Definition
Undershooting or overshooting the target- unable to judge distance or scale
Term
What is the pendular patellar tendon reflex?
Definition
When you tap the tendon, the leg sways back and forth- there is a lack of proper muscle tone in the hamstrings to control this movement
Supporting users have an ad free experience!