Term
| 1st Generation Cephalosporins Group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd Generation Cephalosporins Group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3rd Generation Cephalosporins Group |
|
Definition
| ceftiofur, ceftazidime, cefovecin, ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
| 4th Generation Cephalosporins Group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bactericidal
time-dependent
post-antibiotic effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
significant differences between drugs inside one generation group
extracellular |
|
|
Term
| 1st Generation Cephalosporins Action |
|
Definition
Gram + including anaerobes and B-lactamase +
modest Gram - |
|
|
Term
| 2nd Generation Cephalosporins Action |
|
Definition
decrease Gram + but increased Gram -
better against beta-lactamase + Gram - |
|
|
Term
| 3rd Generation Cephalosporins Action |
|
Definition
| lowest Gram + but highest Gram - |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
les sensitive to GI amidases, bacterial B-lactamases, and alkalinity
acid-resistant
improved oral bioavailability compared to penicillins
higher efficacy in presence of pus and tissue debris
wide extracellular
low penetration in deep tissues, but better than penicillins
enhanced by inflammation
renal elimination with high urine concentrations |
|
|
Term
| 3rd Generation Cephalosporins Pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
very long half-life
1 injection every 14 days |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins Combinations |
|
Definition
synergy with aminoglycosides
wall disruption increases AG penetration |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins Adverse Reactions |
|
Definition
more GI disturbances than penicillins
potential synergistic toxicity with aminoglycosides or loop diuretics
toxicity enhanced by pre-existing renal disease |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins Resistance |
|
Definition
due to overuse of 3rd generations
beta-lactamase |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins Clinical Usage |
|
Definition
| no-off label or use in food animals |
|
|
