Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cellular Anatomy
Cellular anatomy
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/17/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Centrioles
Definition
paired organelles composed of microtubules near the nucleus that are used to organize the spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes during mitosis. form the base of cilia and flagella
Term
Chromatin
Definition

refers to the "colored stuff" found in the nucleus; consists of uncoiled chromosome and associated proteins


  • Threadlike strands of DNA and histones
  • Arranged in  nucleosomes
  • Form condensed, barlike bodies of chromosomes when the nucleus starts to divide
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
acts to suspend cellular organelles; contains enzymes that mediate cytosolic reactions such as glycosis and fermentation
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Provides the main structural support for the cell and is composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition

Site of lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and alcohol (smooth ER). Also synthesizes proteins destined for cell membrane, for lysosomes or for secretion.


  • Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
  • Continuous with the nuclear membrane
  • Two varieties – rough ER and smooth ER
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
A stack of flattened membranes that receive proteins from the rough ER then modify, package, and sort them for delivery to other organelles or to the plasma membrane of the cell.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition

Membrane enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes; function in the breakdown of intracellular debris


  • Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins
  • Degrade nonfunctional organelles
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Referred to as powerhouse of the cell . These organelles are the site of cellular respiration; metabolic pathway that utilizes oxygen in the breakdown of food molecules to produce ATP
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus
Term
Nucleus
Definition
  • Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets
  • Gene-containing control center of the cell
  • Contains the genetic library with blueprints for nearly all cellular proteins
  • Dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
membrane enclosed sacs that contain catalase and other oxidative enzymes. The enzymes break down lipids and toxic substances by first converting them into hydrogen peroxide and then breaking down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
Provides a selectively premeable barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environments of the cell
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
sites of protein synthesis: may be bound to the ER (fixed) or found within the cytoplasm (free)
Term
Cell 
Definition

-basic structural and functional unit of life

-smallest living unit

-over 200 diff cell types

Term
3 main parts of a cell
Definition
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition

-seperates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids

-dynamic role in cellular activity

-Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein and glycolipid area abutting the cell that provides highly specific biological markers by which cells recognize one another.  Your cells are sugar coated.

Term
In the fluid Mosaic Model, there is a double layer of lipids with 2 types of dispersed proteins
Definition
integral & peripheral
Term
In the fluid mosaic model, the bilayer consists 
Definition
phospholipids, cholesterol & glycolipids
Term
Glycolipids
Definition
lipids bound with carbohyrdrate
Term
phospholipid
Definition
hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads (bipoles)
Term
3 ways glycoproteins act as adhesive (wavy contours fit together and special junctions form)
Definition

1) tight junctions

2) demosomes

3) gap junctions

Term
tight junction
Definition
impermeabe junction, nothing passes between cell (except maybe a couple of ions)
Term
desmosome (membrane junction)
Definition

strong junction, resists stress, found in skin

Term
gap junction
Definition
communication junction, helps synchronize electrical activity
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
-material between membrane and nucleus 
Term
Cytosol
Definition
  • largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes
Term
  • Cytoplasmic organelles
Definition
  • metabolic machinery of the cell
Term
Specialized Cell compartments of cytoplasmic organelles
Definition

1st (membranous): mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, 

2nd (nonmembranous): Cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes

 

Term
Mitochondria
Definition
  • Double membrane structure with shelf like cristae
  • Provide most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
  • Contain their own DNA and RNA
Term
Endomembrane System 
Definition
includes the nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, lysosomes, vacuoles, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, and the plasma membrane 
Term

Microfilaments

Definition

 

  • Dynamic strands of the protein actin
  • Attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
  • Braces and strengthens the cell surface
  • Attach to CAMs (cell adhesion molecules),  function in cell division, ameboid motion, endocytosis and exocytosis
Term

Intermediate Filaments

Definition
  • Tough, insoluble proteins
  • Diameter between that of MF and MT (that’s why they are called Intermediate Filaments)
  • Look like ropes with high tensile strength
  • Most stable and permanent
  • Form internal structure, ie, keratin in epithelials
Term

Microtubules

Definition
  • Dynamic, hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin
  • Determine the overall shape of the cell and distribution of organelles
  • Organelles, lysosomes and secretory granules move along the MT by motor proteins
Term
Cilia
Definition
  • Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed surfaces of certain cells
  • Move substances in one direction across cell surfaces
Term

Nuclear Envelope

Definition

-Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores

-Outer membrane is continuous with the rough ER and is studded with ribosomes

Term
Nucleoli
Definition
  • Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus
  • Site of ribosome production
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
  •  Interphase

Growth (G1), synthesis (S), growth (G2)

  • Mitotic phase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Supporting users have an ad free experience!