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Cell's Plasma Membrane
structure, function and transport through plasma membrane
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/06/2010

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Term
these 3 types of organic molecules are found in the plasma membrane of the cell
Definition
1. Lipids
2. Glycocalyx
3. Proteins
Term
the plasma membrane of the cell is compared to a ______ _______ model
Definition
fluid mosaic model
Term
how many cells are there in the human body
Definition
100 trillion
Term
how many types of cells are there in the human body
Definition
200 types of cells
Term
Functions of plasma/cell membrane
Definition
1. Regulates what enters & leaves the cell
2. Separates the cell from its surroundings
3. Allows cells to communicate with each other and with their environment
Term
what kind of substances do membrane lipids allow in cell. which molecules do lipids block?
Definition
Allow non-polar (lipid- soluble) molecules.
Block polar&charged substances
Term
what substances do membrane proteins let through?
Definition
1. polar substances
2. ions
Term
what kinds of lipids can be found in the cell membrane
Definition
1. Phospholipids (75%)
2. Glycolipids (carbohydrate lipids) (5%) found only on the part facing ECF
3. Cholesterol (20%) - between the fatty acid tails of phospholipids
Term
which molecule of plasma membrane makes it asymmetric
Definition
glycolipids
Term
role of cholesterol in plasma membrane
Definition
stiff rings help to stiffen and stabilize the plasma membrane
Term
what is glycocalyx
Definition
a sugary coat outside plasma membrane, composed of the carb part of glycoproteins and glycolipids
Term
True/false: phospholipids and proteins are immobile in the plasma membrane
Definition
FALSE
Term
what does the mobility of proteins and phospholipids depend on
Definition
1. Number of double bonds of carbon (the higher, the more fluid)
2. number of cholesterol molec
3. temperature
Term
which type of organic molecules carry out MOST membrane's functions
Definition
proteins
Term
these proteins extend through the plasma membrane
Definition
Integral proteins
Term
these proteins span the entire lipid bilayer
Definition
transmembrane proteins
Term
true/false: Most integral proteins are transmembrane proteins
Definition
TRUE
Term
these proteins attach to one of the surfaces of plasma membrane; don't extend through it
Definition
peripheral proteins
Term
Amphipathic
Definition
has a both polar and nonpolar ending
Term
6 functions of membrane proteins
Definition
1. Transporter
2. Channel
3. Receptor
4. Cell identity marker
5. Linker
6. Enzyme
Term
these membrane proteins offer a passage way for substances such as K+ and Na+ to pass through
Definition
channel proteins
Term
these membrane proteins catalyze reactions inside and outside the cell
Definition
Enzyme proteins
Term
In diffusion, K+ and Na+ move through the plasma membrane through _______ proteins
Definition
channel proteins
Term
these membrane proteins give cell its shape by anchoring filaments inside & outside
Definition
linker proteins
Term
these membrane proteins connect two cells together
Definition
linker proteins
Term
these membrane proteins aid in cell movement
Definition
linker proteins
Term
these membrane proteins move s substance by binding it, while they change their shape
Definition
transport proteins
Term
glucose moves through plasma membrane through these proteins
Definition
transport proteins
Term
these proteins allow cells to recognize similar cells (from same body/tissue)
Definition
cell identity marker proteins
Term
these are an example of cell identity proteins
Definition
MHC
Term
these membrane proteins are the cell's site of recognition for other substances; they bind to the substance and "read" the instructions of what the cell should do
Definition
receptor proteins
Term
hormones communicate with the cell through which type of memb. proteins?
Definition
receptor proteins
Term
true/false: all cells in body are in a liquid environment
Definition
TRUE
Term
type of transport: subst. move DOWN concentration gradient (from high to low)
Definition
Passive transport
Term
osmosis, diffusion and facilitated diffusion are types of ____________ transport
Definition
passive transport
Term
true/false: facilitated diffusion requires energy
Definition
FALSE
Term
this type of transport uses ATP
Definition
active transport
Term
type of transport: substances move AGAINST concentration gradient (from low to high)
Definition
active transport
Term
endocytosis, phagocytosis and vesicle transport are types of ______ transport
Definition
active
Term
through this type of passive transport substances move through pores or channels
Definition
diffusion
Term
substances move from high-low conc. through lipid bilayer without help of transport proteins
Definition
simple diffusion
Term
O2, N2, CO2, fatty acids, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins (nonpolar subst.) and
water, urea and small alcohols (noncharged subst) move through membrane by what process?
Definition
simple diffusion
Term
type of passive transport aided by integral proteins
Definition
facilitated diffusion
Term
glucose moves through membrane by which type of transport?
Definition
carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
Term
K+, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+ pass membrane through this type of passive transport
Definition
channel-mediated facilitated diffusion
Term
glucose, fructose, galactose, some vitamins cross membrane through this type of passive transport
Definition
carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
Term
true/false: gated channel proteins change their shape as ions move through them
Definition
TRUE
Term
true/false: carrier/transporter proteins change their shape as glucose passes through
Definition
true
Term
true/false: the higher the conc. of a subst., the faster it will diffuse through memb.
Definition
TRUE
Term
true/false: smaller molecules move(diffuse) slower through the membrane
Definition
FALSE
Term
true/false: the higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion
Definition
TRUE
Term
true/false: alveoli in lungs have a large diffusion area, which enhances the diffusion of O2
Definition
true
Term
true/false: movement of water (osmosis) does not depend on the concentration of solutes in water
Definition
FALSE. it does
Term
force required to stop movement of water into a hypertonic solution, if the two are separated by membrane which only allows water through
Definition
osmotic pressure
Term
true/false: osmotic pressure is higher where is a higher solute concentration
Definition
true
Term
isotonic solution : RBC is safe, no net movement
Definition
%NaCl = 0.9%
Term
hypertonic solution (RBC is placed in)
Definition
%NaCl > 0.9%: RBC shrinks
Term
name of process that happens to RBC when surrounded by hypertonic solution
Definition
CRENATION (water moves out of RBC)
Term
process that happens to RBC when placed in hypotonic solution
Definition
hemolysis (burst, water moves in)
Term
polar substances and ions (Na+, K+) that need to move uphill the concentration grad., they move through this type of transport
Definition
active transport
Term
true/false: active transport moves nonpolar substances
Definition
FALSE: active transp. moves only polar subst. and certain ions
Term
phosphorilation of TRANSPORTER proteins is needed for the active transport of these substances (3 groups of substances)
Definition
1. H+,Ca2+, I-, Cl-
2. amino acids
3. monosaccharides
Term
true/false: in diffusion Na+ and K+ move through transport(carrier) proteins
Definition
false: they move through channel proteins
Term
true/false: in active transport, Na+ and K+ move through transport proteins
Definition
true
Term
three types of vesicle transport (active t. ) that brings substances in the cells
Definition
1. phagocytosis
2. pinocytosis
3. receptor-mediated endocytosis
Term
these types of blood cells aid in phagocytosis
Definition
1. macrophages
2. WBC
Term
true/false: phagocytosis involves the "eating" of the whole foreign organism
Definition
TRUE
Term
cell drinking
Definition
pinocytosis
Term
these type of memb. proteins on WBC aid in phagocytosis
Definition
receptor proteins
Term
true/false: receptor proteins are used in pinocytosis
Definition
FALSE
Term
this type of phagocytosis is highly-selective: cells take up only selective ligands (such as HIV)
Definition
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Term
which type of molecules can be released by exocytosis?
Definition
1. digestive enzymes
2. neurotransmitters
3. hormones
4. wastes
Term
what happens to cell membrane after exocytosis?
Definition
the part that was damaged is replaced
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