Term
| Passive Transportation Processes include... |
|
Definition
| (1)Diffusion, (2)simple diffucion, (3)osmosis, (4)facilitated diffusion, (5)channel-mediated passive transport, and (6)carrier-mediated passive transport |
|
|
Term
| Active Transport Processes include... |
|
Definition
| (1)Transport by pumps and (2)transport by vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particles move from high to low concentration (working with the concentration gradient). Doesn't require energy expenditure (ATP) of the cell membrane to function. |
|
|
Term
Molecues spread through the membrane moving from high to low concentration (working with the concentration gradient) and will eventually reach a state of equilibrium.
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Molecules cross through the phospholipid bilayer. Because the solutes permeate the membrane, we call the membrane permeable.
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, which limits the diffusion of at least some of the solute particles. Water pressure that develops as a result of osmosis is called osmotic pressure.
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of Osmosis include... |
|
Definition
| (1)Isotonic, (2)Hypertonic, (3)Hypotonic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two fluids that have the same potential osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Higher pressure"; cells placed in solutions that are hypertonic to intracellular fluid always shrivel as water flows out of cell; this has great medical importance: if medical treatment causes the extracellular fluid to become hypertonic to the cells of the body, serious damage may occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “lower pressure”; cells placed in a hypotonic solution may swell as water flows into them; water always osmoses from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution |
|
|
Term
| A special kind of diffusion whereby movement of molecules is made more efficient by the action of transporters embedded in a cell membrane, moving the substances down a concentration gradient. The energy require comes from the collision energy of the solute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facilitated Diffusion include... |
|
Definition
| (1)Channel-mediated passive transport and (2)Carrier-mediated passive transport |
|
|
Term
Carriers attract and bind to solute, change shape, and release the solute out the other side of the carriersolute, change shape, and release the solute out the other side of the carrier; Carriers are usually reversible, depending on the direction of the concentration gradient
[image] |
|
Definition
| Carrier-mediated Passive Transport |
|
|
Term
Channels are specific—allow only one type of solute to pass through; gated channels may be open or closed (or inactive)—may be triggered by any of a variety of stimuli; Channels allow membranes to be selectively permeable; Aquaporins are water channels that permit rapid osmosis |
|
Definition
| Channel-mediated Passive Transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Require the expenditure of metabolic energy by the cell. Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (going up a concentration gradient.. works against it). Equilibrium will NOT occur. |
|
|
Term
Pumps are membrane transporters that move a substance against its concentration gradient—the opposite of diffusion
-Example: Sodium Potassium Pump
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vesicles—allows substances to enter or leave the interior of a cell without actually moving through its plasma membrane[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transport by Vesicles inlude... |
|
Definition
| (1)Endocytosis and (2)Exocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1)Receptor-mediated Endocytosis, (2)Phagocytosis, and (3)Pinocytosis |
|
|
Term
The plasma membrane “traps” some extracellular material and brings it INTO the cell in a vesicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Membrane receptor molecules recognize substances to be brought into cell
[image] |
|
Definition
| Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
|
|
Term
“condition of cell-eating”; large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and enter the cell in vesicles; vesicles fuse with lysosomes, where the particles are digested |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “condition of cell-drinking”; fluid and the substances dissolved in it enter the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Process by which large molecules, notably proteins, can leave the cell even though they are too large to move out through the plasma membrane
•Large molecules are enclosed in membranous vesicles that are then pulled by the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, where the contents are released
•Exocytosis also provides a way for new material to be added to the plasma membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
