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Cell signaling
Chapter 4, pgs 126-134
11
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2013

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Term
Action Potential
Definition
  • large change in membrane potential
  • travels through the length of the cell until it reaches the end, no matter the distance
  • example: a neuron's axon can be several feet long and action potentials travel the entire distance to communicate electrical signals
  • occur only in neuronal axons, skeletal muscle cells, and a few other excitable cells
Term
Threshold
Definition
  • critical electrical point that must be crossed
  • about 15 to 20 mv above resting membrane potential
Term
Saltatory Condition
Definition
  • neurons that have an even faster method of transmitting an action potential
  • means to jump from place to place
Term
Node of Ranvier
Definition
  • the minute collar of unwrapped space between adjacent cells sausages where the axon is naked
Term
Synapse
Definition
  • a cite where electrical signal passes from one cell to the next
Term
Presynaptic cells
Definition
  • where the ion carrying the action potential starts
Term
Postsynaptic Cells
Definition
  • Where it goes after the gap junction 
Term
Electricl Synapse
Definition
  • gap junctions between two adjacent muscle cells
  • in the uterus
  • enable to action potential to pass directly from the upper cell into the lower cell
Term
Chemical Synapse
Definition
  • cells are not physically linked
  • cells are separated by thin synaptic cleft 
Term
Synaptic Vesicle
Definition
  • packed with neutrotransmitters
  • on the other side of synaptic cleft
  • cell membrane of the post synaptic cell contains numerous proteins receptors that bing the neutrontransmitter
  • fuse with cell membrane and the neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft
Term
Frequency
Definition
  • stronger sensory input 
  • will be signalled by very frequent action potentials
  • stronger=more
  • weaker=less
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