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Cell organelles
Cell organelles pictures and their functions
14
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/07/2017

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Term
plasmalemma/ cell membrane
Definition
1) physical barrier – that encloses the cell components
2) boundary that regulates (controls) molecules entering and exiting the cell.
a) PERMEABILITY = the ease at which a substance passes thru the CM
b) Active Transport – the cell must spend energy for the passage
c) Passive Transport – the cell doesn’t spend energy for passage
Term
cytosol
Definition
- thick, semitransparent, elastic fluid fluid
- 75% to 95% water with proteins, carbohydrates, lipids & inorganic substances
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
cytosol + organelles
Term
nucleus
Definition
largest organelle
visible in a scope
lipid bilayer = nuclear membrane
nucleoplasm = the fluid inside
contains DNA = a strand of genes
2 forms of DNA
a)chromatin – thread-like, stringy form
b) chromosome – coiled, thicker form
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
double membrane organelle
- the outer membrane is smooth
- the inner membrane is folded = cristae
involved in ATP production
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
the right amount of energy
the “Energy Transfer” molecule
Term
smooth ER
Definition
makes lipids and stores calcium

ER: extensive tube system composed of membrane
Term
rough ER
Definition
modifies and transports proteins

ER: extensive tube system composed of membrane
Term
Golgi body
Definition
a stack of membrane sacs – curved on sides, flatter in the center
job = packages protein complexes with membrane and releases it as a “budding vesicle”
Like UPS (postal service) – buy a box and send it off!
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
vesicle containing digestive enzymes
digests bacteria entering the cell
WBCs have many lysosomes
Digests worn-out or damaged cell parts
“suicide packets” – digests developmental parts during embryological developmental stages (webbed fingers, tail)
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
vesicle with enzymes that neutralize toxins
Smaller than lysosomes
Term
ribosomes
Definition
tiny spheres
site of protein synthesis
can be bound to ER or free in cytosol
Term
centrioles
Definition
-centrioles = the organelle
-centrosome = the area they are found

one pair per cell
bundle of microtubules
form the spindle fibers of mitosis
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
forms a protein framework in the cell
“cell skeleton”
Move organelles
Term
microvilli / cilia
Definition
numerous projections of the cell
Contain microtubules
increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of extra cellular materials
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