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CCNA- Addressing the Network IPv4
Chapter 6
81
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2012

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Cards

Term
How many bits are the source and destination IPv4 addresses?
Definition
32 bits
Term
What is the name for the decimal representation of the binary IP address called?
Definition
Dotted Decimal
Term
How many bits are there between each “dot”?
Definition
8 bits
Term
What are those bits called?
Definition
Octet
Term
Define the network portion of an IP address?
Definition
It is a group of hosts that have identical bit patterns in the network address portion of their addresses.
Term
What is the host portion of the IP address?
Definition
Although all 32 bits define the IPv4 host address, we have a variable number of bits that are called the host portion of the address.
Term
What does the number of bits assigned to host determine?
Definition
They determine the number of hosts that we can have within the network.
Term
What is the binary range in decimal of a byte?
Definition
0-255
Term
Define a network address.
Definition
Within the IPv4 address range of a network, the lowest address is reserved for the network address.
Term
Define a broadcast address.
Definition
The broadcast address uses the highest address in the network range.
Term
Define a host address.
Definition
The addresses assigned to the end devices in the network.
Term
What is the range where host addresses assigned?
Definition
Located between the network and the broadcast address.
Term
What is assigned to determine how many bits are in network bits?
Definition
Prefix
Term
Do the number of hosts that can be assigned stay the same when prefix changes?
Definition
No
Term
How do you calculate the network value?
Definition
All host bits are 0’s.
Term
How do you calculate the first host value?
Definition
1 greater than the network address
Term
How do you calculate the broadcast address?
Definition
All host bits are turned on-- All host bits are 1’s.
Term
How do you calculate the last host address?
Definition
1 less than the broadcast address
Term
Define unicast transmission
Definition
It is the process of sending a packet from one host to an individual host.
Term
Define broadcast transmission
Definition
It is the process of sending a packet from one host to all hosts in the network.
Term
Define multicast transmission
Definition
It is the process of sending a packet from one host to a selected group of hosts.
Term
What is another name for a unicast address?
Definition
Host address
Term
How does a host process a broadcast transmission?
Definition
It processes the packet as it would a packet to its unicast address.
Term
What is a broadcast transmission used for?
Definition
It is used for the location of special services/devices for which the address is not known or when a host needs to provide information to all the hosts on the network.
Term
What are the three examples of broadcast transmissions?
Definition
• Mapping upper layer addresses to lower layer addresses
• Requesting an address
• Exchanging routing information by routing protocols
Term
When does a host send a broadcast?
Definition
When a host needs information, the host sends a request, called a query, to the broadcast address
Term
How do hosts with the information usually respond to the broadcast?
Definition
One or more of the hosts with the requested information will respond, typically using unicast.
Term
What is a directed broadcast?
Definition
A directed broadcast is sent to all hosts on a specific network.
Term
What is a limited broadcast used for?
Definition
It is used for communication that is limited to the hosts on the local network.
Term
What forms the boundary for a broadcast domain?
Definition
Router
Term
What is multicast designed to do?
Definition
To conserve the bandwidth of the IPv4 network
Term
What are the 4 examples of multicast transmissions?
Definition
• Video and audio broadcasts
• Routing information exchange by routing protocols
• Distribution of software
• News feeds
Term
How are multicast addresses assigned?
Definition
The multicast clients use services initiated by a client program to subscribe to the multicast group.
Term
What is the range for multicast addresses?
Definition
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Term
What is the range for experimental addresses?
Definition
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254
Term
List the three private address blocks?
Definition
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 /8)
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0 /12)
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0 /16)
Term
What happens if a packet with a private IP address was sent to the Internet?
Definition
It would not be forwarded.
Term
What is NAT Network Address Translation services used for?
Definition
It is used to translate private addresses to public addresses; hosts on a privately addressed network can have access to resources across the Internet.
Term
How does NAT allow a host with a private address to access the Internet?
Definition
It allows the host to “borrow” a public IP address.
Term
What is the range for local-link addresses?
Definition
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
Term
When is a local link address assigned to a device?
Definition
Automatically assigned to the local host by the operating system in environments where no IP configuration is available.
Term
What is the first octet range of Class A?
Definition
1-126
Term
What is the first octet range of Class B?
Definition
128-191
Term
What is the first octet range of Class C?
Definition
192-223
Term
What is the first octet range of Class D?
Definition
224-239
Term
What is the first octet range of Class E?
Definition
240-255
Term
What is the limitation of classful routing?
Definition
It wasted many addresses, which exhausted the availability of IPv4 addresses.
Term
What is the address system used today called?
Definition
Classless addressing
Term
Why should the allocation of addresses inside the networks be planned and documented? And for what purpose?
Definition
Preventing duplication of addresses
Providing and controlling access
Monitoring security and performance
Term
What are the different examples of types of hosts?
Definition
End devices for users
Servers and peripherals
Hosts that are accessible from the Internet
Intermediary devices
Term
What considerations should be used about where private IP addresses should be used?
Definition
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
• Will there be more devices connected to the network than public addresses allocated by the network's ISP?
• Will the devices need to be accessed from outside the local network?
• If devices that may be assigned private addresses require access to the Internet, is the network capable of providing a Network Address Translation (NAT) service?
Term
Which devices should have static IP addresses assigned?
Definition
Printers, servers, and other networking devices that need to be accessible to clients on the network
Term
What does DHCP provide for an end device?
Definition
It provides automatic assignment of addressing information such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and other configuration information.
Term
What is the block of addresses a DHCP server use called?
Definition
Address pool
Term
Which devices should have a static IP address? Why?
Definition
Servers and printers
So hosts can have consistent access
Term
What does almost all traffic pass through when going between networks?
Definition
Intermediary Devices
Term
Which IP addresses are used for router interfaces?
Definition
Lowest or Highest addresses in the range
Term
What is the organization that assigns IP addresses in the US?
Definition
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Term
What are the advantages of having a Tier 1 ISP?
Definition
Reliability and speed
Term
What is the focus of a Tier 2 ISP?
Definition
The focus of these ISPs is on business customers.
Term
What is the focus of a Tier 3 ISP?
Definition
The focus of these ISPs is the retail and home markets in a specific locale.
Term
What was the main issue to be addressed by IPv6?
Definition
Creating expanded addressing capabilities
Term
What were the other issues that were considered when developing IPv6?
Definition
Improved packet handling
Increased scalability and longevity
QoS mechanisms
Integrated security
Term
List the added features of IPv6.
Definition
• 128-bit hierarchical addressing - to expand addressing capabilities
• Header format simplification - to improve packet handling
• Improved support for extensions and options - for increased scalability/longevity and improved packet handling
• Flow labeling capability - as QoS mechanisms
• Authentication and privacy capabilities - to integrate security
Term
How is the subnet mask created?
Definition
By placing a binary 1 in each bit position that represents the network portion and placing a binary 0 in each bit position that represents the host portion
Term
What is true if the octet of the subnet mask is 255?
Definition
The entire octet is network/subnetwork bits.
Term
What is true if the octet of the subnet mask is 0?
Definition
The entire octet is host bits.
Term
What is the result of the ANDing process?
Definition
1 ANDed with a 1
Term
What is ping?
Definition
A utility for testing IP connectivity between hosts
Term
What happens when the destination host receives an echo request?
Definition
It responds with an ICMP Echo Reply datagram.
Term
What is the address to ping the local host?
Definition
127.0.0.1
Term
What does a response from the local host tell you?
Definition
That IP is properly installed on the host
Term
What doesn’t the response from the local host tell you?
Definition
An indication that the addresses, masks, or gateways are properly configured
Term
What does it tell you if a ping to the gateway is successful?
Definition
It indicates that the host and the router's interface serving as that gateway are both operational on the local network.
Term
What does it tell you if a ping to the remote host is successful?
Definition
It means that we have verified our host's communication on the local network, the operation of the router serving as our gateway, and all other routers that might be in the path between our network and the network of the remote host.
Term
What does the traceroute utility do?
Definition
It allows you to observe the path(s) between hosts.
Term
Define Round Trip Time (RTT).
Definition
It is the time a packet takes to reach the remote host and for the response from the host to return.
Term
Define Time to Live (TTL).
Definition
When a packet enters a router, the TTL field is decremented by 1. When the TTL reaches zero, a router will not forward the packet and the packet is dropped.
Term
What does ICMP provide for the TCP/IP protocol stack?
Definition
ICMP provides control and error messages and is used by the ping and traceroute utilities.
Term
List the 5 ICMP messages that may be sent?
Definition
1. Host conformation
2. Unreachable Destination or Service
3. Time exceeded
4. Route redirection
5. Source quench
Term
What are the 4 destination unreachable codes listed?
Definition
0 = net unreachable
1 = host unreachable
2 = protocol unreachable
3 = port unreachable
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