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CCNA 840-822 Chapter 2
CCNA
75
Computer Networking
Professional
05/14/2011

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Term
It is the aggregate amount of information that is transmitted on a communications medium. It is measured in bits per second and plays an important role for network performance analysis.
Definition
Bandwidth
Term
___________ is experienced over long distances as a signal loses strength.
Definition
Attenuation
Term
Noise caused by electromagnetic signals, which can decrease data integrity.
Definition
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Term
An electrical or magnetic field originating from one communications signal that can affect the signal in a nearby circuit.
Definition
Crosstalk
Term
Crosstalk measured at the transmitting end of a cable.
Definition
Near-end Crosstalk (NEXT)
Term
Crosstalk measured at the far end of the cable from where the transmission was sent.
Definition
Far-end Crosstalk (FEXT)
Term
These cables use four wires and pins 1, 2, 3 and 6. Pin 1 is connected on one end of the cable to the corresponding pin 1 on the other side of the cable and similarly for Pin 2 and the other pins.
Definition
Straight Through Cable
Term
Telephone Cable
Primarily used for Data Transmission.
Definition
Cat 1
Term
Data Cable
Can handle speeds up to 4Mpbs.
Definition
Cat 2
Term
Data Cable
Can handle speeds up to 10Mpbs.
Definition
Cat 3
Term
Data Cable
Can handle speeds up to 16 Mpbs.
It has to be used with token ring.
Definition
Cat 4
Term
Data Cable
Can handle speeds up to 100Mpbs.
Definition
Cat 5
Term
Data Cable
Can handle upto 1Gbps.
Definition
Cat 5e
Term
Data Cable
Can handle speeds exceeding 1Gpbs
Definition
Cat 6
Term
These cables also use four wires and pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. The difference is in how the pins are connected at each end. They differ from the Straight Through Cable with respect to the fact that, in these wires, pin 1 connects to pin 3 and pin 2 connects pin 6.
Definition
Crossover Cable
Term
These cables use eight wires and are used to connect a host to a console serial communications (com) port on a router. The other name for this cable is a console cable. For connecting a PC to a router, a hub to another hub these cables are used.
Definition
TIP Rolled Cable/Rollover Cable
Term
_______ Distribution Frame creates a connection between external telecommunications cabling and internal cabling
Definition
Main
Term
_______ Distribution Frame creates connection for cabling between the MDF and end user devices.
Definition
Intermediate
Term
With the facility of __________, physical connections are not needed and it uses electromagnetic waves are used for connectivity.
Definition
WLANs
Term
The determination of how data traverses the Radio Frequency is done by ___________________.
Definition
Spread Spectrum WLANs
Term
What are the two types of Spread Spectrum WLANs?
Definition
Direct Sequencing Spread Spectrum (DSSS, and Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
Term
What Wi-fi standard operates in the 5GHz range, supports speeds up to 54 Mbps?
Definition
802.11a
Term
What Wi-fi standard operates in the 2.4GHz range, supports speeds up to 11 Mbps?
Definition
802.11b
Term
What Wi-fi standard operates in the 2.4GHz range, supports speeds up to 54 Mbps?
Definition
802.11g
Term
What is the maximum speed of infrared technology?
Definition
16 Mbps
Term
What is the frequency range and throughput of Bluetooth technology?
Definition
2.4 GHz and 720 Kbps
Term
What is the maximum distance between devices when utilizing Bluetooth?
Definition
10 meters
Term
Ethernet was defined by the IEEE ______ specification.
Definition
802.3
Term
What is contained in the first three bytes of a device's MAC addresses?
Definition
Organization Unique Identifier (OUI)
Term
What is contained in the last three bytes of a MAC address?
Definition
A unique number assigned to an individual device
Term
It is also known as the unicast address. The MAC address of an individual LAN or NIC card is identified by this address.
Definition
Individual Address
Term
It is also known as a multicast address. When a frame is sent to a group of devices on the same LAN it is known as a group address.
Definition
Group Address
Term
What are the two categories of Ethernet LAN addresses?
Definition
Individual and Group Addresses
Term
What are the three rules for defining a multicast address?
Definition
- It begins with 0100.5E in hexadecimal format;
- The last three bytes are a combination of hexadecimal digits;
- In the case of IP routed protocol a multicast address appears as 0100.5Exx.xxxx, where the x‘s can represent any hex digit from 0–9 or A–F.
Term
_____________ is a frame that is sent to all devices in the same LAN segment.
Definition
Broadcast Address
Term
Multicast and broadcast addresses are limited to a _________________.
Definition
LAN or network segment
Term
What is the name of the Control Information on the Application, Presentation, and Session OSI Layers?
Definition
Data
Term
What is the name of the Control Information on the Transport OSI Layer?
Definition
Segment
Term
What is the name of the Control Information on the Network OSI Layer?
Definition
Packet
Term
What is the name of the Control Information on the Data Link OSI Layer?
Definition
Frame Bit
Term
__________ are used to transport data between layers.
Definition
Frames
Term
The 802.2 LLC _______ sub-layer is an extension of 802.3 and is responsible for framing, error-detection, and flow control.
Definition
Data Link
Term
This is part of the 802.3 frame. It contains the destination MAC Address, Source MAC Address and length.
Definition
Data Link Header Portion
Term
This is part of the 802.3 frame. It contains the Destination Service Access Point (DSAP), Source Service Access Point (SSAP), and control information
Definition
Logical Link Control Portion
Term
The other name for this is the data-link trailer. The length of this field can be anywhere from 43 to 1497 bytes out of which the frame check sequence (FCS) field is 4 bytes long. It is part of the 802.3 frame
Definition
The Data and Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) Portion
Term
A __________ encompasses a set of devices for which, when one of the devices sends a broadcast, all the other devices receive a copy of the broadcast.
Definition
broadcast domain
Term
A ______________ is a set of network interface cards (NIC) for which a frame sent by one NIC could result in a collision with a frame sent by any other NIC in the same ___________.
Definition
collision domain
Term
What two things are true about devices in a single collision domain?
Definition
* The devices share the available bandwidth.
* The devices may inefficiently use that bandwidth due to the effects of collisions, particularly under higher utilization.
Term
While a _______________ can separate the broadcast domain, a _______ can form different Vlans and use the network bandwidth more efficiently providing segregation at the same time.
Definition
Router; Switch
Term
A Switch consults the ___________ while deciding which port the Ethernet frame is to be forwarded.
Definition
CAM table
Term
What does CAM stand for?
Definition
Content Addressable Memory
Term
In ________, the switch copies and forwards the frame of every port except the one at which it was received.
Definition
flooding
Term
In case an address is not in the table, _______ takes place.
Definition
flooding
Term
The process of ________ is that when the frame reaches the switch, and the source and destination MAC addresses are present on the same interface, it does not send that frame on to any other ports.
Definition
filtering
Term
What are the three frame transmission methods?
Definition
Store and Forward, Cut Through, and Fragment Free
Term
This method involves the switch which buffers the Ethernet frame and performs Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on the entire frame. It ensures that the frame is not corrupted. The frame is forwarded if the CRC calculation is normal otherwise it is dropped.
Definition
Store and Forward
Term
This is the most commonly followed method of switching in Cisco Catalyst switches. This is so because the hardware processors for the interfaces are so advanced and robust that the switch hardly works up a sweat.
Definition
Store and Forward
Term
This method is completely opposite of the store and forward frame transmission. In this only the MAC address in the Ethernet header is considered and the frame is sent to it. The frame is not analyzed for any errors. This was acceptable for low processing power devices.
Definition
Cut-Through
Term
This method buffers the first 64 bytes of a frame. It ensures that many of the invalid frames are not transmitted.
Definition
Fragment-free
Term
In this transmission type Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision Detection CSMA/CD is enabled. As a result 50% to 60% of the bandwidth on the link can be used.
Definition
Half-Duplex
Term
This transmission type is a two way communication, date can be sent and received at one time. CSMA/CD is disabled in this and as a result 100% of the bandwidth is available for both the directions. Collision and Transmission takes place with the help of two wires.
Definition
Full-Duplex
Term
Based on the ___ addresses, Cisco Layer 2 switches forward frames and _____ addresses are used by Layer 3 switches in their data forwarding decisions.
Definition
MAC, IP
Term
To be able to manage a device via SSH, Telnet, or HTTP that is remotely, _________ to the switch is essential.
Definition
IP connectivity
Term
The IP assigned to the VLAN 1 interface and the default gateway can both be assigned using a ___________ just as in the case of Router Interfaces.
Definition
DHCP server
Term
It is best to troubleshoot connectivity issues by adopting a ____________ approach.
Definition
layered
Term
What is the IEEE standard for auto negotiation?
Definition
802.3u
Term
Auto negotiation issues usually results in what kind of issues?
Definition
Performance related issues
Term
Speed mismatches result in what kind of issues?
Definition
Link/connection issues
Term
When troubleshooting NIC issues, what is the first step?
Definition
Verify physical connectivity
Term
when running the show interfaces command, what indicates a physical problem?
Definition
States other than connected and line protocol is up
Term
What is the first step in troubleshooting physical connectivity?
Definition
Manually set the speed and duplex settings
Term
After setting the speed and duplex, what is the next step in troubleshooting physical connectivity issues?
Definition
Replace the cable with a known good cable
Term
After replacing the cable with a known good cable, what is the next step for troubleshooting a physical connectivity issue?
Definition
Attempt physical connectivity across multiple switch port
Term
What is the last resort when troubleshooting physical connectivity issues?
Definition
Replace the NIC
Term
When you troubleshoot any NIC or switch port issue, verify what two things?
Definition
the configuration of port channeling and trucking is off and that spanning tree Port Fast is enabled.
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