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CCMA
Chapter 6
48
Anatomy
Not Applicable
02/03/2016

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Term
Atrium
Definition
Upper chambers that receive blood returning to the heart. Atrial contractions, with a gravity assist, push blood into the ventricles.
Term
Ventricle
Definition
Upon contraction, push blood from the heart into the arterial system. Most muscular part of the heart.
Term
Valve
Definition
Prevent backflow of the blood. The contracting chambers must generate enough pressure to force the valve open. When contraction is over, the pressure falls and the valves close.
Term
Tricuspid Valve
Definition
the valve on the right side seperating the right atrium from the right ventricle.
Term
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
Definition
Strongest valve. It can be a leaky valve.
Term
Septum
Definition
Seperates the right and left sides of the heart.
Term
Interatrial
Definition
Smaller upper part of the septum.
Term
Interventriular
Definition
bigger lower part of the septum. Stronger and larger to withstand the strong ventricular contraction
Term
Epicardium
Definition
Outer most layer of the heart. Carries cardiac vessels. Stores fat. Contact with pericardial layers.
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Muscular layer of the heart. Thickest layer. Creates the strongest electrical signal on ECG. Contains the sub-endocardial layer, which invest the Purkinje fibers.
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Thin-inner layer. Surface is often called- glass like
Term
How does the heart sit?
Definition
The heart sits where the top is at the right and the bottom is toward the left.
Term
Apex
Definition
botom of the heart
Term
Systolic blood pressure
Definition
The pressure created in the arteries nby the contraction of the left ventricle
Term
Diastolic blood pressure
Definition
Once the left ventricle has fully contracted it begins to relax and refill with blood from the left atria. The pressure in the arteries falls whilst the ventricle refills.
Term
Heart Sounds
Definition
S1= first heart sound-usually louder (lub)
S2=second heart sound (dub)
Term
normal heart rate
Definition
60-100 bpm when the body is resting the organs need a reduced amouont of blood and oxygen flow. When the body is active the muscle and tissue need an abundant supply of blood and oxygen- resulting in raised blood pressure/increased HR and Pulse
Term
Where is the conduction system found?
Definition
between the myocardium and the endocardum
Term
Cardiac Conduction System
Definition
This pathway is made up of 5 elements:
1. The sino-atrial node (sa node) 2. The atrio-ventricular node (av node) 3. The bundle of His 4. The left and right bundle branches 5. The Purkinje fibers
Term
Depolarization
Definition
Is fast. Release of teh action potential across the cell membrane. It`s what causes the contraction of the muscle (heart)
Term
Repolarization
Definition
Is slow. Reestablishment of the membrane potential. Relaxation of teh muscle (heart)
Term
Action Potential
Definition
Set of membrane potential where the cell is commited to teh contraction.
Term
Conduction
Definition
Transmission of electrons down a physical pathway. Nerves are sending impulses. Think like a wire. The electrical flow in the heart is due to the Conduction between cardiac cells.
Term
SA Node (sinoatrial node)
Definition
High in the upper right atrium. Pacemaker of the heart. Sets off AV node. Spontaneously creates Action Potential. Fires off at 60 to 100 bpm
Term
AV Node (atrioventricular node)
Definition
Lower left side of right atrium. Backup Pacemaker. SA Node sets it off. Fires off at 40 bpm.
Term
Bundle of His
Definition
Carries the electrical signal into the septum down the bundle branches
Term
Bundle branches
Definition
Carries signal into the bulk of the ventricular mass. R Bundle branch- responsible for nothing. L Bundle branch- responsible for contacting the septum.
Term
Purkinje Fibers
Definition
Tree like network of high speed. Spreads charge everywhere.
Term
How are the electrical signals of the heart related to teh heart as a pump?
Definition
The electrical signal causes muscle contraction.
Term
Right Ventrical pumps at what rate?
Definition
25/8
Term
Left Ventrical pumps at what rate?
Definition
120/8
Term
What does the ECG tracing represent?
Definition
the movement of electricity through the heart not the flow of blood.
Term
P wave
Definition
Atrial Depolarization
Term
QRS wave
Definition
Ventricle depolarization
Term
T wave
Definition
ventricular repolarization
Term
What carries blood away from the heart?
Definition
Arteries
Term
What carries blood towards the heart?
Definition
Veins
Term
Prolapse
Definition
when a valve turns inside out
Term
Ventricles
Definition
are more muscular than atria. Work harder to push against the systemic blood pressure and are larger.
Term
To what specialist might a patient with accumulation of serious fluid and gas in the pericardium be referred?
Definition
Cardiologist
Term
The inner most layer of the heart is called the:
Definition
endocardium
Term
What is the fomula for determining the CO (cardiac output)?
Definition
SVxHR=CO
Term
What activity in the heart is responsible for the first heart sound?
Definition
Mitral valve closing
Term
Blood returning to the heart is oxygenated, therefore, the blood is entering the heart via the:
Definition
Pulmonary vein
Term
The cardiac output is the product of HR and:
Definition
Stroke volume
Term
What are teh semilunar valves?
Definition
pulmonic valve and aortic valve
Term
What are teh semilunar valves?
Definition
pulmonic valve and aortic valve
Term
What are teh semilunar valves?
Definition
pulmonic valve and aortic valve
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