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CBIO220Q1
Flashcards for "quiz" 1 in CBIO2200
70
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
08/28/2011

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Term
anatomy
Definition
study of the "structure"
Term
physiology
Definition
study of the "function"
Term
homeostasis
Definition
body functions that stay the same
Term
body temp
homeostasis
Definition
98.6*F
37*C
Term
blood pH
homeostasis
Definition
7.35-7.45
<7.35 "Acidosis"
>7.45 "Alkalosis"
Term
blood glucose level
homeostasis
Definition
80-110 mg/100mL
hormonal regulation of glucose level in the blood
Term
blood glucose level after a heavy meal
Definition
Insulin: a hormone secreted by Beta cells of Islets of Langerham at Pancreas
in liver glucose --> glycogen
Term
blood glucose level after a period of starvation
Definition
glucagon: a hormone secreted by Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhams
in liver glycogen --> glucose
Term
Negative feedback mechanisms
Definition
Hypothalmus (TRH:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone)>Anterior Pituitary (TSH:Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)>Thyroid Gland "follicular cells" of thyroid gland (Thyroid Hormones "metabolic hormones">T3:Contains 3 iodine atoms "Triiodothyronine")
Term
hypothyroidism
Definition
iodine deficiency
enlargement of thyroid gland - "goiter"
Term
positive feedback
Definition
head of baby push against cervix>nerve impulses reach brain>brain instructs post. pist. to release OT that reach cells of uterus>trigger uterus contraction

Oxytocin stored in Posterior Pituitary
Term
Anterior Pituitary
Definition
contains many cell types that secrete many hormones
Term
Posterior Pituitary
Definition
A storage site for Oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone) conserve H2O
Term
Anatomical Position
Feet
Hands
Palms
Definition
Feet: flat on floor
Hand: at sides
Palms: facing forward "hand supinated"
Term
Anterior vs Posterior
Definition
Anterior: front
Posterior: back
Term
Pronation vs Supination
Definition
Pronation: palms backwards
Supination: palms forward
Term
Superior vs Inferior
Definition
Superior: above
Inferior: below
Term
Ventral vs Dorsal
Definition
Ventral: front/anterior
Dorsal: back/posterior
Term
Medial vs Lateral
Definition
Medial: close to midline
Lateral: far from midline
Term
Ipsilateral vs Contralateral
Definition
Ipsilateral: found on the same side of the body
Contralateral: opposite side
Term
Superficial vs Deep
Definition
Superficial: exterior
Deep: interior
Term
Proximinal vs Distal
Definition
Proximinal: closer to joint
Distal: farther from joint
for arm or leg
Term
epi vs hypo
Definition
epi: above
hypo: below/under
Term
Mid-clavicular lines
Definition
vertical lines in 9 regions
Term
Subcostal line
Definition
Superior horizontal line in 9 regions
Term
Intertubercular line
Definition
inferior horizontal line in 9 regions
Term
Coronal plane
Definition
"frontal" plane - runs vertically, divides body into anterior and posterior parts
Term
Sagital plane
Definition
divides body into R/L portions
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
divides body into superior/inferior
Term
Dorsal cavities
Definition
Cranial and vertebral - enclose the brain and spinal chord
Term
Cranial cavity
Definition
encloses the brain
Term
Vertebral cavity
Definition
encloses the spinal chord
Term
Ventral cavities
Definition
Thoracic and abdomino-pelvis cavities enclose the lungs, heart, abdomen, and pelvic region
Term
Throacic cavity
Definition
1. pleural cavities: enclose the 2 lungs
2. Pericardia cavity: encloses the heart
Term
Abdomino-Pelvis Cavity
Definition
Enclose all viscera of abdomen/pelvic region
Term
Visceral vs parietal
Definition
Visceral: inner layer
Parietal: outer layer
Term
serosa membrane
Definition
a double layered membrane that line all of the ventral cavities
Term
mediastinum
Definition
compartment between the 2 lungs - includes the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland
Term
Levels of organization of the human body
Definition
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Organ systmes
Term
Atoms
Definition
The Big 4
1. Carbon: in all organic molecules
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
Term
Molecules
Definition
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Term
Organelles
Definition
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Gogli body
Term
Cell
Definition
at least 300 types of cells
Term
Tissue
Definition
Muscle tissue
Epithelial tissues
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Term
Organ systems
Definition
Integumentary
Digestive
Respiratory
Muscular
Lymphatic
Reproductive
Circulatory
Endocrine
Urinary
Nervous
Skeletal
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
kidneys, aorta, veracava, pancreas all lie posterior to peritoneal cavity
Term
retevo peritoneal
Definition
kidneys, aorta, veracava, pancreas all lie posterior to peritoneal cavity
Term
mesentery
Definition
attaches intestine to wall
Term
Lesser omentum
Definition
attaches stomach to liver
Term
greater omentum
Definition
covers small intestine like an apron
Term
Vitamin D synthesis
Definition
Skin (sunlight activates keratinocytes-->liver (cholesterol to Vit D3) --> Kidneys (calcidon to calcitrol) --> bones (calictrol circulates in blood and reaches bones) --> small intestine (calictrol increases calcium level by enhancing calcium absorption from food in small intestine)
Term
Vitamin D synthesis
Definition
Skin (sunlight activates keratinocytes-->liver (cholesterol to Vit D3) --> Kidneys (calcidon to calcitrol) --> bones (calictrol circulates in blood and reaches bones) --> small intestine (calictrol increases calcium level by enhancing calcium absorption from food in small intestine)
Term
4 main types of organic molecules
Definition
Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Pentoses: 5-C sugars
Hexoses: 6-C sugars
Term
isomers
Definition
two molecules written different ways
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
two monosaccharides together
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
glycogen is the only one humans can make
in the liver, it is a storage for glucose
Term
Proteins
Definition
made up of amino acids
Term
Glycine
Definition
"gly" smallest amino acid
Remaining group=H
Term
Cysteine
Definition
"cys" stabilizes the proteins
Remaining group=CH2--SH
Term
Phenylalanine
Definition
"phe" must get from food
Remaining group=CH2--hexagon
Term
essential amino acid
Definition
one we cannot make-we must get it from food
Term
phenylalanine hydroxlase
Definition
converting phe into tyr using protein enzyme
Term
PKU
Definition
a genetic disorder that results in accumulation of phe
Term
Tyrosine
Definition
"tyr" you can get tyr from any protein
Remaining group=CH2--hexagon--OH
Term
peptide bond
Definition
links two amino acids together
Term
primary sequence
Definition
the amino acid sequence
Term
Secondary structure
Definition
twisted in an alpha helix or folded into beta pleated sheets
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
made of 4 polypeptide chains - transports O2
Term
sickle cell anemia
Definition
if glu is mutated into val - sickle cell is pointed, fragile, sticky, can be broken which makes less O2 in system
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