Term
| What is suppurative inflammation? |
|
Definition
| inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils & tissue necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Where are neutrophils produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| life span of a neutrophil in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Neutrophils can move from the tissue into the blood when they are no longer needed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of neutrophils across the endothelium & blood vessel wall |
|
|
Term
| What happens in order for rolling adhesion of neutrophils to occur? |
|
Definition
| P & E selectins of endothelial cells bind to carbohydrates on neutrophils |
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Term
| What happens in order for firm adhesion of neutrophils to occur? |
|
Definition
integrins on neutrophil surface (e.g. CD18 & CD11a) interact with ICAM of endothelial cells
*or LFA-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| InterCellular Adhesion Molecules |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| interact with ICAMs to allow for firm adhesion of neutrophils |
|
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Term
| What are the main chemoattractants that direct neutrophil migration in tissues? |
|
Definition
CD5a
IL-8
leukotriene B4
PAF |
|
|
Term
| What are the important opsonins for neutrophils binding to & phagocytizing bacteria? What do they bind to? |
|
Definition
IgG - binds Fc-gamma on neutrophil surface
C3b - complement fragment which binds to Mac-1 (C11b/CD18)
Collectins |
|
|
Term
| Are collectin proteins a function of innate or acquired immunity? |
|
Definition
| innate (they are present even if the animal hasn't been exposed to the pathogen before) |
|
|
Term
| What is an oxidative burst? |
|
Definition
| -neutrophil produces a superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical ad hydrogen peroxide |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is key in oxidative bursts? What is produced? |
|
Definition
myeloperoxidase
production of hypochlorite (bleach) to kill bacteria & other pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What does lactoferrin do? |
|
Definition
| prevents pathogens from using iron (required for replication) |
|
|
Term
| What normally prevents neutrophil degranulation from causing tissue damage? |
|
Definition
| serine protease inhibitors e.g a1-antitrypsin and a2-macroglobulin, TMPSs |
|
|
Term
| How can neutrophils cause tissue damage? |
|
Definition
1. Take up functional space
2. Tissue degradation (elastase. protease etc)
3. Release of oxygen radicals, H2O2 etc
4. Promote thrombosis by releasing IL-1 & TNF |
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|
Term
| Outcomes of suppurative infammation |
|
Definition
-resolution
-abscess
-chronic suppurative inflammation
-scarring |
|
|
Term
| Why does Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIP virus) cause Type III hypersensitivity reactions? |
|
Definition
| the human immune response is to bind to the virus, but does not prevent infection so immune complexes continue to be formed |
|
|
Term
| What effect does deposition of immune complexes in BV walls have on the inflammaory response? |
|
Definition
-triggers classical complement pathway
-activates neutrophils & macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Hallmark of immune complex diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an Arthus reaction? |
|
Definition
| localized formation of immune complexes in the region where a vaccination was administered. will see ischemic damage to hair follicles, hair loss |
|
|
Term
| When (what types of disease) are eosinophils the major leukocyte seen in tissues? |
|
Definition
parasitic infection
allergies |
|
|
Term
| What integrin promotes firm adhesion of eosinophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do eotaxin and RANTES do? |
|
Definition
| eosinophil-specific chemokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes eosinophil production and expression of VCAM-1 |
|
|
Term
| Tissues affected by severe eosinophilic inflammation may appear.... |
|
Definition
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