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Caswell 3
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Type III Hypersensitivity
27
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
03/15/2017

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Cards

Term
What is suppurative inflammation?
Definition
inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils & tissue necrosis
Term
Where are neutrophils produced?
Definition
bone marrow
Term
life span of a neutrophil in the blood
Definition
10 hours
Term
True or False

Neutrophils can move from the tissue into the blood when they are no longer needed
Definition
false
Term
What is diapedesis?
Definition
movement of neutrophils across the endothelium & blood vessel wall
Term
What happens in order for rolling adhesion of neutrophils to occur?
Definition
P & E selectins of endothelial cells bind to carbohydrates on neutrophils
Term
What happens in order for firm adhesion of neutrophils to occur?
Definition
integrins on neutrophil surface (e.g. CD18 & CD11a) interact with ICAM of endothelial cells

*or LFA-1
Term
What are ICAMs?
Definition
InterCellular Adhesion Molecules
Term
What do CD18 & CD11a do?
Definition
interact with ICAMs to allow for firm adhesion of neutrophils
Term
What are the main chemoattractants that direct neutrophil migration in tissues?
Definition
CD5a
IL-8
leukotriene B4
PAF
Term
What are the important opsonins for neutrophils binding to & phagocytizing bacteria? What do they bind to?
Definition
IgG - binds Fc-gamma on neutrophil surface

C3b - complement fragment which binds to Mac-1 (C11b/CD18)

Collectins
Term
Are collectin proteins a function of innate or acquired immunity?
Definition
innate (they are present even if the animal hasn't been exposed to the pathogen before)
Term
What is an oxidative burst?
Definition
-neutrophil produces a superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical ad hydrogen peroxide
Term
What enzyme is key in oxidative bursts? What is produced?
Definition
myeloperoxidase

production of hypochlorite (bleach) to kill bacteria & other pathogens
Term
What does lactoferrin do?
Definition
prevents pathogens from using iron (required for replication)
Term
What normally prevents neutrophil degranulation from causing tissue damage?
Definition
serine protease inhibitors e.g a1-antitrypsin and a2-macroglobulin, TMPSs
Term
How can neutrophils cause tissue damage?
Definition
1. Take up functional space

2. Tissue degradation (elastase. protease etc)

3. Release of oxygen radicals, H2O2 etc

4. Promote thrombosis by releasing IL-1 & TNF
Term
Outcomes of suppurative infammation
Definition
-resolution
-abscess
-chronic suppurative inflammation
-scarring
Term
Why does Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIP virus) cause Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Definition
the human immune response is to bind to the virus, but does not prevent infection so immune complexes continue to be formed
Term
What effect does deposition of immune complexes in BV walls have on the inflammaory response?
Definition
-triggers classical complement pathway
-activates neutrophils & macrophages
Term
Hallmark of immune complex diseases
Definition
vasculitis
Term
What is an Arthus reaction?
Definition
localized formation of immune complexes in the region where a vaccination was administered. will see ischemic damage to hair follicles, hair loss
Term
When (what types of disease) are eosinophils the major leukocyte seen in tissues?
Definition
parasitic infection

allergies
Term
What integrin promotes firm adhesion of eosinophils?
Definition
VLA-4
Term
What do eotaxin and RANTES do?
Definition
eosinophil-specific chemokines
Term
What does IL-5 do?
Definition
promotes eosinophil production and expression of VCAM-1
Term
Tissues affected by severe eosinophilic inflammation may appear....
Definition
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