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Caswell 2
Vascular Events of Inflammation, Allergic Disease
34
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
03/15/2017

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Cards

Term
True or False

Inflammation does not occur in areas of necrosis
Definition
true
Term
Is inflammation a localized or systemic response?
Definition
local (primarily)

systemic effects are not good!
Term
Chronic inflammation stimulates...
Definition
fibrosis
Term
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Definition
redness
heat
swelling
pain
firmness
loss of function
Term
What are immune-mediated diseases?
Definition
diseases caused by the acquired immune response
Term
Tissue damage releases ______ while infection releases ______
Definition
DAMPS = tissue damage

PAMPS = inflammation
Term
LPS, lipoteichoic acid and viral nucleic acid are all...
Definition
PAMPs
Term
HMGB1, ATP, uric acid are all....
Definition
DAMPs
Term
Immune-mediated disease is more common in (male/female) dogs
Definition
female
Term
What is a Type I hypersensitivity? What is the process?
Definition
immediate hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)

Th2 cells encourage B cells to produce IgE, IgE binds to surface of mast cells. antigens cross link with IgE, trigger degranulation of mast cells & histamine release -> allergic reaction
Term
What is a Type II hypersensitivity?
Definition
antibody for cell-surface antigens activates complement cascade to lyse target cell
Term
What is a Type III hypersensitivity?
Definition
when antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in endothelial wlls, glomeruli walls, etc. leading to inflammatory reaction
Term
What is a Type IV hypersensitivity?
Definition
delayed type hyperensitivity (24-72hr post-exposure)

cell-mediated immune response characterized by Th1 lymphocutes & macrophages

-impairs organ function or causes tissue injury
Term
True or False

Eocosanoids (leukotrienes & prostaglandins) are stored in mast cells and released when antigens cross--link with IgE
Definition
false

they are synthesized at the site of inflammation
Term
What do bradykiin, histamine, C3a and C5a all have in common?
Definition
they all promote increased vascular permeability
Term
What does bradykinin do?
Definition
increase vascular permeability
simulate nerve endings (causes pain)
Term
What does NO do?
Definition
vasodilation
kills bacterial pathogens
Term
What is the difference between fibrin and fibrinous exudate?
Definition
fibrin is loosely adherent, whereas fibrinous exudate is firmly adherent
Term
What would the presence of fibrous tissue tell you about the inflammatory process?
Definition
this is a chronic process at least 7-10 days old
Term
Endothelial contraction vs endothelial retraction
Definition
contraction - gaps forming between endotheial cells (quicker, short-term effect)

retraction - rearrangement of endothelial cytoskeleton (slower, longer lasting effect)
Term
what is atopy?
Definition
tendency to form IgE antibodies when exposed to an allergen
Term
IFN-gamma and IL-12 from macrophages will trigger CD4 (T helper) cells to differentiate into ...
Definition
Th1 cells
Term
IL-4 and IL-13 from mast cells will trigger CD4 cells to differentiate into...
Definition
Th2 cells
Term
CD4 -> Th1 is promoted by...
Definition
IFN-gamma
IL-12
Term
CD4 -> Th2 is promoted by...
Definition
IL-4
IL-13
Term
What are the two phases of allergic disease?
Definition
Sensitization - IgE binds to mast cells in tisues, specific to an allergen

Elicitation - exposure triggers mast cell degranulation & clinical disease
Term
What is immunoglobulin class switching?
Definition
promoted by Th2 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes produce IgE instead of other antibodies
Term
A small molecule that indirectly causes an allergic reaction by binding to host proteins, causing them to appear 'foreign'
Definition
hapten
Term
Which common inflammatory mediator is not important in cattle? What is present instead?
Definition
histamine

seratonin
Term
What is a late-phase reaction?
Definition
synthesis of other mediators (C4 and D4, PAF) 2-8 hours after allergen exposure, causing vasaodilation, bronchoconstriction etc.
Term
The late phase of allergic reaction is dominated by...
Definition
eosinophils
Term
Anaphylaxis in ruminants , horses and cats typically targets the....
Definition
lung
Term
Anaphylaxis in dogs typically targets the....
Definition
liver & intestines
Term
major clinical sign of allergic dermatitis
Definition
pruritus
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