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Cartilage Microanatomy
LECOM Yr 1
32
Anatomy
Graduate
08/05/2011

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Cards

Term
what is osteoarthritis?
Definition
the severe erosion of the articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) in weight bearing joints
Term
what are the repair abilities of articular cartilage like?
Definition
very limited
Term
what does cartilage consist of?
Definition
chondrocytes and extracellular matrix; it is an avascular tissue
Term
what type of collagen is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage?
Definition
type II
Term
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
Definition
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Term
what is the most abundant cartilage type?
Definition
hyaline
Term
where is hyaline cartilage located?
Definition
articular ends of bones, respiratory tract, ventral ends of ribs, endochondral ossification
Term
what type of collagen makes up the predominate component of fibrils in the matrix of cartilage?
Definition
type II collagen
Term
where is the majority of the water in hyaline cartilage bound to?
Definition
the aggrecan-hyaluronan aggregates, which imparts resilience
Term
describe the outer layer of the perichondrium
Definition
contains fibroblasts which have attenuated nuclei as compared to the formative chondrocytes of the inner perichondrium
Term
is the perichondrium eosinophillic or basophillic?
Definition
eosinophillic because of type 1 collagen
Term
what are the 3 groups that describe the matrix of cartilage?
Definition
capsular, territorial, interterritorial
Term
what type of growth can lead to the development of isogenous groups of chondrocytes?
Definition
interstitial growth/mitotic division of a single chondrocyte
Term
what are the two modes of hyaline cartilage growth?
Definition
appositional and interstitial growth
Term
describe appositional growth of hyaline cartilage
Definition
differentiation of chondroblasts from the perichondrium (addition of new layers of cartilage upon older layers)
Term
describe interstitial growth of hyaline cartilage
Definition
mitosis of chondrocytes within cartilage (expansion of cartilage from within)
Term
by what method does hyaline cartilage degenerate?
Definition
chondrocytes hypertrophy and die, the matrix calcifies; increases with aging
Term
does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?
Definition
no
Term
what type of cartilage makes up the epiphyseal plate?
Definition
hyaline
Term
describe an H&E stain of a chondrocyte?
Definition
nucleus is eccentrically located, cytoplasm deeply stained except clear area represents golgi apparatus, ECM is basophillic
Term
where is elastic cartilage located?
Definition
the external ear, epiglottis, and the larynx
Term
describe the appearance of elastic cartilage
Definition
similar to hyaline cartilage in H&E stains, requires an elastic stain (orcein or resorcein-fuchsin) to more easily differentiate elastic cartilage from hyaline; contains chondrocytes in lacunae
Term
describe the ECM of elastic fibers
Definition
abundant elastic fibers in addition to type II collagen fibrils
Term
does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium?
Definition
yes
Term
where is fibrocartilage located?
Definition
intervertebral discs, symphsis pubis, meniscus of knee, insertion of tendons and ligaments
Term
describe the appearance of fibrocartilage
Definition
contains chondrocytes in lacunae often arranged in long rows between collagen bundles
Term
what type of collagen does the ECM contain in fibrocartilage?
Definition
Collagen type I fibers
Term
does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
Definition
no
Term
what proportion of collagen type I and II does the intervertebral disc contain?
Definition
equal
Term
how much type II collagen does the meniscus of the knee contain? (small or large amounts)
Definition
small
Term
what is the effect of cortisone/hydrocortisone on hyaline cartilage?
Definition
inhibits cartilage growth and matrix production
Term
what is the effect of Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) on hyaline cartilage?
Definition
without vitamin C, matrix production stops, this distorts cartilage columns in epiphyseal plates; vitamin C is an enzyme cofactor required for collagen synthesis
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