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Cartilage and Bone
Cartilage and Bone
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
05/23/2011

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Cards

Term
True/False: Cartilage is a type of bone tissue
Definition
False: connective
Term
What are the types of cartilage tissue?
Definition

hyaline

elastic

fibro-cartilage

 

Term
Describe the differences between hyaline, elastic, and fibro cartilage
Definition

Hyaline= type II collagen

Elastic= type II collagen and elastic fiber

Fibro= Type I collagen

Term
What type of cartilage is generally found in joints?
Definition
Hyaline
Term
What are chondroblasts?
Definition
Cells in cartilage that produce matrix and fibers
Term
What is the fate of chondroblasts?
Definition
Eventually become entrapped in lacunae. Once entrapped, they become chondrocytes
Term
What is a isogenous nest?
Definition
Chondrocytes that are grouped together (2-6)
Term
What is the matrix surrounding chondrocytes called?
Definition

Territorial matrix- contain GAG> collagen

Inter-territorial - collagen> GAG

Term
What is the perichondrium? What is its role?
Definition

Dense irregular CT arise from mesenchymal cells differentiating into fibroblasts.

Supplied by blood vessels and nerves-->growth and repair

Term
What's the difference between elastic and hyaline?
Definition

elastic has more elastic fibers.

Elastic does not calcify

Elastic few isogenic clusters

Term
Where is fibro-cartilage found?
Definition
Intervertebral disk, junction btwn muscle tendon+bone
Term
Which cartilage does not have perichondrium?
Definition
fibro-cartilage
Term
Describe fibrocartilage
Definition

Chondrocytes arise from fibroblasts

Chondrocytes arranged in parallel rows

Bundles of collagen I

Term
True/False: Fibrocartilage does not have a perichondrium
Definition
true
Term
True/False: Elastic cartilage does not have a perichondrium
Definition
False
Term
True/False: Hyaline cartilage does not have a perichondrium
Definition
false
Term
Which types of cartilage have collagen II?
Definition
Hyaline and elastic
Term
Whcih types of cartilage have collagen I?
Definition
Fibro-cartilage
Term
What is the outer surface of bone covered in?
Definition
Peristomium
Term
What is the layer lining the inner cavity of bone?
Definition
endostium
Term
What cell types constitute to bone?
Definition
Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts, osteoblast
Term
What are osteoblasts?
Definition
cells that produce the ECM of bone tissue
Term
What are osteoclasts?
Definition
Cells that digest bone tissue
Term
What are osteocytes?
Definition
inactive osteoblasts calcified
Term
What constituents make up the ground tissue of bone?
Definition
PG's and tpye I collagen
Term
Where are osteoprogenitor cells found?
Definition
peristomium and endostem
Term
What are canaliculi? Where are they found
Definition
Canuliculi are tiny channels that connect osteocytes together.
Term
Which type of bone cell is multi-nucleated?
Definition
osteoclasts
Term
What is the Howship's Lacuna?
Definition
regions near osteoclast where bone digestion is occuring (usually pale region)
Term
Describe how intra-membranous bone is formed
Definition

Mesenchymal cells-->Osteoblasts of trabeculae-->osteocytes connected by canaliculi

 

Peripheral mesenchyme-->fibroblasts-->form CT (aka peristomium/endosteum)--

Term
Describe the trabeculae of intramembranous bone near the surface and near the center of the bone
Definition

trabeculae near surface = concentric layers= compact bone

 

trabeculae near interior = random arrangement= spongy bone

 



Term
What are the hollow spaces of spongy bone called?
Definition
Marrow spaces
Term
How is spongy bone formed?
Definition

Irregularly branched trabeculae leave small spaces-->eventualyl fileld with marrow

 

Term
Whats the difference between yellow marrow and red marrow?
Definition

Red marrow has more hematopoietic cells than fat

Yellow marrow has more fat than hematopoietic cells

Term
Describe endo-chondral bone ossification
Definition
  1. Cartilage bone model is formed
  2. Vascularization of diaphysis cartilage
  3. Chondroblasts and perichondrium give rise to osteoblasts
  4. Osteoblasts lay done bony matrix-->bony collar
  5. Bony collar prevent diffusion leading to chondrocyte death
  6. Osteoclasts digest calcified matrix and form periosteal buds
  7. Periosteal buds allow infiltration of nerves, vessels, hematopoietic and osteoprogenitor cells into bone center
  8. Osteoprogenitor cells derive more osteoblasts interiorly. Lays done calcified matrix
  9. Eventually osteoclasts absorb bone matrix and form marrow space
  10. Secondary ossification ctrs form at epiphysis
Term
Where does the periosteal bud arise from?
Definition
periosteum
Term
Describe the layers of compact bone
Definition

Periosteum-->outercircumferential-->inner circumferential (lines marrow)-->Haversian canals hosue blood vessels

 

Term
What are the two canal systems in compact bone?
Definition
Haversian canal (vertical) and Volkman Canal (horizontal)
Term
Describe bone repair
Definition

Endro-chondral and intramembranous methods

  1. Injured blood vessels in bone form bloodclot in fracture
  2. Osteocytes, periosteum endosteum undergo avascular necrosis
  3. Bloodclot is infiltrated by vessels from periosteum
  4. Vessels contain osteoprogenitor cells
  5. Osteoprogenitors derive osteoblast and chondroblast
  6. Blood clot replaced by cartilage or bone
  7. Callus replaced by secondary bone
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