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| Highest role in Merovingian court. Ran by Carolingians. Runs the kingdom. |
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| Two regions held by Merovingians which two seperate Mayors of the Palace ran |
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| MoP of Austrasia who defeats the MoP of Neustria, which unites both regions under one MoP. |
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| Son of Pippin II, defeated the Muslims in Spain, was requested to aid the Pope but did not, first Carolingian to be buried in St Denis. |
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| saw the world as flat but round. Lots of rivers. Roman mentality of borders, very imperial always expanding. |
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| translated the lives of Saints Marcellinus and Peter. Educated in Fulda, 1st generation Carolingian scholar. Court scholar of Charlemagne. |
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| Capitulary "de villis" (on estates) |
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| template for royal estates, like a blueprint for how an estate should be maintained |
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| where the royalty was buried |
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| a bed and breakfast where Dr Gibson failed to excavate a former estate |
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| where the Lord lives on the estate |
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| amount of land to support a family |
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| good for Carolingian hard soil |
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| MoP of Austrasia / The East |
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| MoP of Neuestria / The West |
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| Childeric III (ruled 743-749) |
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| rules as Merovingian while the MoPs fight for him. Lazy ruler. |
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| son of Martel who creates interior trouble while battling Bavaria. Flees a lot. Tries to get to Italy but is killed. |
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| patron of monastic life. missionary from England to convert Europe. TEAMS UP WITH CAROLINGIANS AND WANTS TO REFORM INTERIOR CHURCH |
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| Written by Clovis, brags about how much better the Carolingians were to the Romans |
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| king of Lombards who takes in Carloman's family after his death |
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| Stephen III (pope, r. 768-772) |
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| 722-804 the Saxons just cause trouble every time your back is turned. |
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| creates a religious unity / family. A new way to deal with Saxon loyalty |
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| ensures loyalty by Saxons |
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| expands the territory of Charlemagne |
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| married to Desiderius' daughter and was loyal to Pippin |
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| a royal/imperial edict which aids to Salic Law "little heads / chapters" |
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| ban / bannus = payment to the king, fine, king's right to command |
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| wergild / wergeld / composition = "man's price" |
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| the price for wronging a man |
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| missus (pl. missi) = legates, "man who is sent" |
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| legates, "man who is sent" |
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| court priest who write stuff for Charlemagne |
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| where a famous monastery was. Source of Einhard |
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| a creation by Charlemagne. He was its father |
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| coinage, etc. needs to be used in order to establish your name with your rule. Like cult of personality |
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| super elites, right below king |
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| secular nobles deciding to head to war. Bring weapons and such because war is next. |
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| missus (pl. missi) = legates, "man who is sent" |
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| men who are sent in pairs, laymen and priests, sent to relay information |
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| Theodulf (r. c. 798-818, d. 821) |
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| another court scholar in competition with Alcuin |
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| an incident at Theodulf's domain involving a prisoner of Alcuins. Shows their competition |
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| possible propaganda to get people to visit the Lateran. Letter from emperor Constantine giving the pope the Western Roman Empire. Proved a forgery later |
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| requests that Charlemagne send some materials to repair St Peters |
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| was tortured by Hadrian supporters after his death. Charlemagne has to come in to help him ends up getting crowned an emperor. |
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| Where Leo III traveled to request that Charlemagne come help him in Rome. Paderborn, Germany |
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| written by Einhard and comes in two parts |
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| Southern Italy kingdom which acted against Pope Leo which required Charlemagne step in to silence. |
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| Christmas Day 800 AD in Rome, crowned by Leo III |
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| Several times between 717-739 or so there were controversies of the Byzantine Empire. When something went wrong they thought it was due to idol worship by use of saint icons. Part of why the Roman Pope had issues with the East and saw problems with them. |
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| Wife of Emperor Leo IV and mother for Constantine V. She blinds her son and then becomes empress of Byzantium. |
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| Libri Carolini / Opus Caroli |
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| Charlemagne's writing on theology, probably written by either Alcuin or Theodulf...probably Theodulf based on the style. |
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| Provincial leader of Muslim Spain after the fall of Louis the Pious |
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| Abbasid ruler who gave an elephant to Charlemagne |
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| Abul Abaz / Abul al-Abbas |
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| Charlemagne's elephant, his name could mean anything. |
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| Inventory of Churches and Monastaries in and around Jerusalem |
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| Charlemagne hoped to help the holy land so he needed records of what was over there so that he knew what to supply |
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| On the Governance of the Palace |
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Written by Adelhard (815-826), serves as primary source for court hierarchy (though it provides this look for Louis the Pious' court, not Charlemagne)
King > Queen > Royal children > chaplain/archchancellor (ecclesiastical head) = Count of the palace (secular head) > chamberlain > Seneschal (head of wine steward, constable, master of lodging) > chief hunters > porter, keeper of money, dispenser of money, keeper of utensils |
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| Bishop, the chaplain was allowed long leaves of absence to attend to religious duties. He restricted access to the king (along with count), handled religious disputes in the kingdom, gave advice to the king, supervised religious events and clerics. Head of ecclesiastical authority (under king). |
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| Acted as a court of appeals that had the authority to overturn poor judgments from lesser courts, restricted access to king (along with chaplain), handled day to day secular matters. If an issue comes to the count with no precedent for judgment, the king steps in. Head of secular authority (under king). |
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| Person in charge of cleaning/maintenance of the king's chamber, in charge of giving gifts to foreign dignitaries, generally managed the king's household. Directly supervised by the Queen, which would lead to rumors of adultery in later courts (not Charlemagne's). |
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| Acted as head wine steward to keep the king supplied with wine, constable to take care of water/food/horses, and master of lodging to arrange for housing while the king was travelling. Would inform local officials in advance of the king's impending arrival, giving them ample time to stock up. |
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| Charlemagne built this palace and made Aachen his capital, nowadays only the tower (where it is believed the treasure was stored) and the chapel survive. Aachen was known for its luxurious baths, court figures, and well-made structure. The cast bronze doors to the chapel remain (picture in slideshow) as does the throne (also in slideshow) that was modeled after ancient Jewish thrones. Important to note that Charlemagne's successor Louis the Pious did not like Aachen, preferred palace at Ingelheim. |
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| Located further east than Aachen, it has been well excavated and a weaving workshop discovered. A mortar mixer was also found, which suggests reconstruction was done on-site. Significant because it suggest Aachen would also have been equipped with a workshop and a mortar mixer. |
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| Several notable Lombards were incorporated into Charlemagne's court and are arranged in order of importance from least to greatest; first was Peter of Pisa who tutored Charlemagne, left court 790. Second was Paulinus of Aquileia who advised Eric of Friouli and converted to Roman Catholicism, left court 780. Lastly there was Paul the Deacon (who is in himself a separate keyword). |
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| Lombard in Charlemagne's court from 782-786, was originally a monk (albeit an unwilling one) at Monte Cassino. Paul met Charlemagne in 782 while appealing for clemency for his brother, he ends up being accepted into the court. Paul writes competitive poetry against Peter of Pisa and also writes poetry full of praise for Charlemagne. Also writes an unfinished history of Lombardy, leaves it unfinished to avoid discussing Charlemagne conquering the Lombards. |
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| Anglo-Saxon that served in the court from 785-796, died in 804. Older that Charlemagne (Alcuin was born ~ 740), educated in York (Northern England), first became a cleric and later a deacon. Never actually a monk, has a good education and is taught throughout the 760's. In 781 Alcuin meets Charlemagne and is invited to the court, finally arrives in 785. Wrote poems, capitularies, virtues/vices, letters, version of the bible, architect of the Carolingian miniscule style of writing. |
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| Created by Alcuin in the Carolingian court, the miniscule became a uniform style of writing that replaced the messy and often unreliable form of writing that preceded it. Easier to read, less room for error. Also significant because later cultures would discover this style and assume it was old Roman script and becomes fashionable yet again. |
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| Usually the main form of competition within Charlemagne's court, Theodulf, Alcuin, Peter of Pisa, Paul the Deacon and others all used court poetry as a means to gain respected offices, titles, bishoprics and the like. Often full of praise for the Carolingians and Charlemagne in particular, court poetry of this period is also noted for its prodigious use of Old Testament comparisons. |
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| Hildegard, Alamannian 2nd wife of CM (m. c. 771) |
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| Significance from Einhard's Life of Charlemagne and how the regions match Charlemagne's campaigns. |
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| Fastrada, East Frankish 3rd wife of CM (m. 783) |
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| Significance from Einhard's Life of Charlemagne and how the regions match Charlemagne's campaigns. |
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| Unit of land mentioned in the polyptychs and army capitularies. |
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