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Cardiovascular systems
N/A
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/25/2009

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Term
open circulatory system
Definition
does NOT separate blood from interstitial/extracellular fluids
Term
ostia
Definition
openings in the heart that have valves to permit only the entry of blood
Term
earthworm circulatory system
Definition
5 pairs of muscular vessels ("hearts")
ventral blood vessel
dorsal blood vessel
Term
fish circulatory system
Definition
2 chambered heart
(atrium and ventricle)
Term
dogfish circulatory system
Definition
sinus venosus
atrium
ventricle
conus arteriousus
Term
sinus venosus
Definition
triangular sac
most inferior
contains blood returning from the body
Term
conus arteriosus
Definition
narrow, cone-shaped tube containing valves to prevent backflow
most superior
Term
squid circulatory sustem
Definition
3 hearts (2 brachial, 1 systemic)
Term
frog circulatory system
Definition
3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle)
Term
mammalian circulatory system
Definition
4 chambered heart (2 atria, 2 ventricles)
Term
apex of heart
Definition
pointed, inferior end of heart
Term
base of heart
Definition
flat, superior end of heart
Term
sinoatial (SA) node
Definition
normal pacemaker of the heart
initiates each electrical cycle (contractile cycle) of the heart
Term
systole
Definition
period of cardiac contraction
Term
atrioventircular (AV) node
Definition
slightly delays the electrical signal
creates "lubb dupp" effect
Term
diastole
Definition
period of cardiac relaxation
Term
electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
Definition
record of the electrical depolarization and repolarization of the heart
Term
auricles
Definition
flap-like pouches of the atria
Term
interventricular sulcus
Definition
diagonal, fatty division between the right and left ventricles
coronary artiers and veins embedded in it
Term
coronary arteries and veins
Definition
carry blood to and from the heart muscle itself
Term
pulmonary trunk/artery
Definition
leaves the right ventricle and branches to each lung
Term
aorta
Definition
large, thick artery just behind the pulmonary artery
leaves left ventricle
gives off branches to rest of body
Term
brachiocephalic artery
Definition
first branch off the aorta
Term
superior and inferior vena cava
Definition
enter right atruim
bring blood back from body
Term
pulmonary veins
Definition
enter left atrium
bring oxygenated blood back from lungs
Term
P wave
Definition
represents depolarization of the atria
leads to atrial systole
Term
QRS wave
Definition
represents depolarization of ventricles
leaves to ventricular systole
Term
T wave
Definition
represents repolarization of ventricles
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
one set of atrial and ventricular contractions
Term
first heart sound
Definition
"lubb"
Term
second heart sound
Definition
"dupp"
Term
subclavian arteries
Definition
sends blood to the forelimb
Term
common carotid
Definition
sends blood to the neck and head
Term
celiac artery
Definition
first branch off aorta in abdominal cavity
supplies blood to stomach, liver, and spleen
Term
mesenteric artery
Definition
second branch off aorta in abdominal cavity
supplies blood to small and large intestines
Term
renal arteries
Definition
supply blood to kidneys
Term
genital arteries
Definition
aupply blood to gonads
Term
iliac arteries
Definition
supply blood to hindlimbs
Term
umbilical artery
Definition
carry blood from fetus to placenta
Term
jugular veins
Definition
drain the head and neck
Term
brachial veins
Definition
drain the forelimbs
Term
iliac veins
Definition
drain the hindlimbs
Term
renal veins
Definition
drain the kidneys
Term
umbilical vein
Definition
arises in the placenta
brings blood into the fetus
Term
which species' red blood cells are nucleated?
Definition
fish and frog
Term
which species' red blood cells are anucleated?
Definition
human
Term
which species has the largest red blood cells?
Definition
frog
Term
which species has the smallest red blood cells?
Definition
fish
Term
what are the 5 types of white blood cells?
Definition
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
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