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Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/28/2011

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Cards

Term
Blood
Definition
45% formed elements, 55% blood plasma
Term
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Definition
7-8 um diameter, biconcave disc, without nuclei, live 120 days
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
in RBCs; transports most of the oxygen and part of the carbon dioxide in blood
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition

Made of globin w/ 4 polypeptide chains

ringlike, nonprotein- heme

Term
Hemoglobin
Definition

releases oxygen which diffuses first into interstitial fluid, then into cells

transports 23% of carbon dioxiode

regulates blood flow and blood pressure

Term
granular leukocytes
Definition
eisonphil, basophil, neutrophil
Term
agranular leukocytes
Definition
lymphocyte (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells), monocytes (form into macrophages)
Term
thrombocyte
(platlet)
Definition

fragment of megakaryocytes enclosed by peice of plasma membrane

form platlet plug in hemostasis

release chemicals that promote vascular spasm and blood clotting

Term
prothrombinase
Definition

extrinsic & intrinsic pathways

converts prothombin into the enzyme thrombin

Term
Thrombin
Definition
converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
Term
fibrin
Definition
forms the threads of clots
Term
RBCs
Definition

have Rh antigen: Rh+

Lack: Rh-

Term
mediastinum
Definition
anatomical region that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column
Term
apex
Definition
formed by the tip of the left ventricle
Term
base
Definition
posterior surface formed by the atria
Term
pericardium
Definition

membrane that surrounds and protects the heart;

confines the heart to its posistion in the mediastinum while allowing free movement

Term
fibrous pericardium
Definition

composed of tough, inelastic, dense, irregular, connective tissue;

prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum

Term
serous pericardium
Definition

thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart

parietal and visceral layers

Term
parietal layer
Definition
serous pericardium is fused to fibrous pericardium
Term
visceral layer
Definition

=epicardium

layer of the heart wall

Term
pericardial fluid
Definition
reduces friction
Term
epicardium
Definition

thin, transparent, outer layer of the heart wall

smooth and slippery

Term
myocardium
Definition
cardiac muscle tissue, 95% of the heart
Term
endocardium
Definition

smooth lining for heart chambers

covers heart valves

continuous with endothelial lining of large blood vessels

Term
atria
Definition
two superior recieving chambers
Term
ventricles
Definition
pumping chambers
Term
auricle
Definition
slightly increases the capacity of the atrium
Term
sulci
Definition

series of grooves on surface of heart;

contain coronary blood vessels and variable amount of fat

Term
coronary sulcus
Definition

encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between:

superior atria and inferior ventricles

Term
anterior interventricular sulcus
Definition

marks the external boundary between:

right and left ventricles

Term
right atrium
Definition

forms the right border of the heart and recieves blood from:

supior vena cava

inferior vena cava

coronary sinus

Term
veins
Definition
always returns blood to the heart
Term

tricuspid valve

(tri= R)

Definition

seperates:

right atrium and right ventricle

Term
right ventricle
Definition
forms most of the anterior surface of the heart
Term
trabeculae carneae
Definition

raised bundles of cariac muscle fibers;

convey part of the conduction system

Term
chordae tendineae
Definition

tendon-like chords were the tricuspid valve is connected

connected to papillary muscles (=trabeculae carneae)

Term
right ventricle
Definition
blood pasess from the _____ through the pulmonary valve
Term
pulmonary valve
Definition
blood passes from the right ventricle through the ________ into a large artery called the pulmonary trunk
Term
pulmonary trunk
Definition

blood passes from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into a large artery called the _______

divides into right and left pulmonary arteries

Term
arteries
Definition
always take blood away from the heart
Term
left atrium
Definition
recieves blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins
Term

bicuspid (mitral) valve

(bi=L)

Definition

left atrioventricular valve

seperates left atrium from left ventricle

Term
left ventricle
Definition

thickest chamber of heart

forms apex

blood passes from the ______ through the aortic valve

Term

coronary arteries

 

Definition

aortic valve > ascending aorta

some of the blood in the aorta flows into the:

Term
atria
Definition

thin-walled

deliver blood under less pressure into adjacent ventricles

Term
ventricles
Definition

thicker

pump blood under higher pressure over greater distance

Term
left ventricle
Definition
works much harder than the right ventricle to maintain the same rate of blood flow
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