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Cardiovascular System
The Heart
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/20/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Blood & Heart a combined effort
Definition

-Blood is pumped by the heart

 

-Blood is then transported through blood vessels

 

-Blood circulates through lungs to replenish oxygen and dispose of CO2

 

-Blood circulates through kidneys to remove other waste products (urea)

 

-Nutrients absorbed into blood as it passes through GI tract

Term
Heart Size
Definition

-The heart is approximately the size of a fist

 

-Weighs less than 1 pound

-250-350 grams

Term
Location
Definition

-Lies within the mediastinum

The medial cavity of the chest (thorax)

 

-Most of the heart lies in the left chest

 

-PMI - Point of maximal intensity

Where the apex of the heart contracts the chest wall

 

Can feel your heart beating

Term
Pericardium
Definition

(Peri = around; cardio = heart)

 

Encloses the heart in a double walled sac

 

Fibrous Pericardium

 

Serious Pericardium

Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition

-Outer, superficial part of the double walled sac

 

-Three main functions

protect the heart

anchor it to surrounding structures

prevent overfilling of the heart with blood

Term

Pericardium cont 

 

deeper to the fibrous layer

Definition

serous layer

-parietal layer

-visceral layer

Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition

Found between the parietal and visceral layers

 

contains a film of pericardial fluid

 

Reduces the friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces as the heart beats

Term
Pericarditus
Definition

Inflammation of the pericardium

 

Build up of percardial fluid

 

May become life threatening because fluid compresses the heart

-cardiac tamponade (blockage or closure)

 

Deep pain in the sternum

 

Can lead to adhesions so the pericardia stick together impeding heart activity

Term
The Heart Wall
Definition

3 Layers:

 

Superficial to deep

-Epicardium

-Myocardium

-Endocardium

Term
Epicardium
Definition

Most superficial layer of the heart wall

 

Visceral layer of pericardium

 

Where fat accumulates

-esp in elderly

Term
Myocardium
Definition

-Middle layer of heart wall

 

-Mostly cardiac muscle

 

-Forms bulk of the heart

 

-Contracting layer

Term
Endocardium
Definition

Deepest Internal layer

 

White sheet of endothelium tissue on layer of connective tissue

 

Lines the heart chambers and valves

Term
Four Chambers of the Heart
Definition

-Right Atrium

 

-Right Ventricle

 

-Left Atrium

 

-Left Ventricle

Term
Atria
Definition

-Left & Right atria receive blood

 

-Small and thin walled

 

-Right and left atria separated by the interatrial septum

 

Right Atria filled by 3 veins

-Superior vena cava

-Inferior vena cava

-Coronary sinus

 

Left atria filled w/ 4 pulmonary veins

Term
Ventricles
Definition

-Make up majority of heart

 

-Papillary muscles 

Help hold the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves shut

 

-Pump of the heart

Eject (push) blood out of the heart

Term
Right & Left Ventricle
Definition

Right Ventricle:

 

-Forms most of the hearts anterior surface

 

-Pumps blood into the lungs for gas exchange

 

 

Left Ventricle:

 

-Forms most of the hearts posterio-inferior surface

 

-Ejects blood into the aorta

 

 

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