Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cardiovascular System
Blood
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/15/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Components of cardiovascular system
Definition

blood (transporter)

 

the heart (the pump)

 

The blood Vessels (carrier or highway)

Term

"cardio" "vascular"

 

Definition

heart

 

blood or blood vessels

Term
Functions of blood
Definition

Transportation

(waste, nutrients, O2)

 

Regulation

(body temp, Ph level, blood volume)

 

Protection

(created by platelets)

Term

Transportation

 

 

Definition

Respiratory System

-O2 and CO2

 

Digestive System

-Nutrients from GI tract

 

Renal System

-Waste products

 

Endocrine System

-Hormones

Term
Regulation
Definition

pH of body

 

Body Temp

 

Blood osmotic pressure

Term
Protection
Definition

Prevents blood loss

 

prevents infection

Term
Components of Whole Blood
Definition

Blood cells

 

plasma

Term

Blood cell components

 

Definition

Red blood cells

 

white blood cells

 

platelets

Term
plasma components
Definition

Water

 

Proteins

 

Other

Term
Characteristics of blood
Definition

Denser and more viscous than water

 

Temp of 100.4

 

pH; alkaline

-7.35 to 7.45

 

accounts for 8% of body weight

 

average volume

-males: 5-6 liters (1.5 gallons)

-females: 4-5 liters

Term
Whole Blood
Definition

Blood plasma

-55% of total blood volume

 

Formed Elements

-45% of total blood volume

Term

Blood Plasma

 

Definition

91.5% water

 

7% plasma proteins

-Albumins

-Globulins

-Fibrinogen

 

Distributes heat

 

Contains over 100 dissolved solvents

Term
Formed Elements
Definition

Erythrocytes

-Red blood cells

 

Thrombocytes

-Platelets

 

Leukocytes

-White Blood Cells

 

Term
erythrocytes
Definition
red blood cells
Term
thrombocytes
Definition
platelets
Term
leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
Formation of blood cells
Definition

homopoiesis (heme=blood; poiesis=making)

 

made in bone marrow

Term
Bone Marrow Transplant
Definition

Replaces cancerous or abnormal red blood marrow with healthy red bone marrow

-goal: establish normal blood cell counts

 

Treatment for:

-Aplatic anemia, leukemia, Hodgkins disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma etc

 

Patient's immune system compromised for life.

Term
Red Blood Cells
Definition

Erythrocytes (Erythro=red, cyte=cell)

 

Not a true cell

 

Live 100-120 days in circulation 

 

shaped like biconcave discs

 

Contains hemoglobin

-o2 carrying protein

-pigment giving whole blood its red color

Term
Homoglobin
Definition

Gas transport

-binds o2

-Transports 23% of co2

 

250 hemoglobin molecules on single RBC

Term
Maintaining  blood count
Definition

New mature cells must enter circulation at a rate of 2 million per second

 

matches destruction rate

Term
Anemia
Definition

The oxygen capacity of blood is reduced

 

Symptoms include fatigue, intolerance to cold and pale skin

Term
A few types of anemia
Definition

Iron deficiency anemia

-Inadequate absorption of iron, excessive loss of iron or insufficient intake of iron

 

-Pernicious anemia

-insufficient hempoiesis (not enough B12)

 

-Hemorrhagic anemia

-Excessive loss of RBCs through bleeding (stomach ulcers, large wounds)

 

-Thalassemia 

-Hereditary, abnormal hemoglobin, RBCs become fragile

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

Definition

Contain abnormal kind of hemoglobin (Hb-s)

 

Hb-s gives up oxygen to interstitial fluid

-forms long, stiff, rodlike structures that bend the RbC into a sickle shape

 

Rapture easily 

-develop hemolytic anemia

 

Hereditary

Term
Red Blood Cell Production
Definition

Erythropoiesis

 

RBC's mature within 1-2 days of being released into circulation

 

Should occur at same rate of destruction

 

If not body will increase release of Erythropoitin

 

 

Term
EPO
Definition

Erythropoietin

 

EPO travels to red bone marrow and stimulates Erythropoiesis

 

Increased RBC's = Increased Oxygen

Term
Blood Doping
Definition

Increases number of RBC's, increasing oxygen carrying capacity

 

Inject drugs

-Epogen and Procrit

 

Downside, increases viscocity of blood

 

NO DOPING!!!!

Term
RBC Graveyard
Definition

spleen

 

we can live without

 

liver/bone marrow pick up responsibility

 

Term

Leukocytes

 

Definition

White Blood Cells

 

Complete Cells

 

Less than 1% of blood volume (outnumbered by RBC's 700:1)

 

Body's defense against disease

Term

Leukocyte Categories

 

 

Definition

Granulocytes

 

Agranulocytes

Term
Granulocytes
Definition

Eosinophils

 

Basophils

 

Neutrophils

Term
WBC Function
Definition
Works through Phagocytosis and Antibodies
Term
Neutrophils
Definition

Most Numberous

 

Respond first to bacterial infection

 

Work through phagocytosis

-Release lysozyme that destroy bacteria

 

Attracted to sites of inflammation

Term
Monocytes
Definition

less numberous

 

Take longer to reach site of infection than neutrophils

 

Arrive in larger numbers

 

Leave bloodstream and enter the tissue

-Become wandering macrophages ("Large Eaters")

-Phagocytize many more microbes than neutrophils

-Clean up cellular debris after infection

Term

Eosinophils

 

 

Definition

Leave capillaries and enter interstitial fluid

 

Release Enzyme that combat inflammation in allergic reactions

 

Attack parasitic worms

-Flatworms (tapeworms and flukes)

-Roundworms (pinworms and hookworms)

Term
Basophils
Definition

Involved in inflammatory and allergic rections

 

Granules containing histamine, heparin, and serotonin

-All chemicals intensify the inflammatory reaction.

Term
Agranulocytes
Definition

Lymphocytes

-T Lymphocytes

-B Lymphocytes

-Natural killer cells

 

Monocytes

Term
Lymphocytes
Definition

Majority found in lymphoid tissue

-Lymph nodes, spleen, etc

 

T - Lymphocytes

-Fight against virus infected cells and tumor cells

 

B - Lymphocytes

-become plasma cells

-produce antibodies

Term
Natural Killer Cells
Definition

Lymphocytes

 

Kill a variety of microbes and certain tumor cells

 

Found in spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow

 

Release proteins that destroy the target cell's membrane

Term
WBC Life Span
Definition

Less than 1% of total blood volume

(outnumbered by RBC's 700:1)

 

Only live a few days

 

During infection may only live a few hours

 

T and B cells can remain in body for years

Term
Leukocytosis
Definition

Increase in the number of WBC's

 

Normal, protective response

 

Usually indicates an inflammation or infection

Term
Leukopenia
Definition

Abnormally low level of WBC's\

 

Never beneficial

 

May be caused by

-Exposure to radiation

-Shock

-Certain chemotherapeutic agents

Term

Leukemia (White Blood)

 

 

Definition

Cancer conditions involving white blood cells

 

Impairs normal bone marrow function

 

Fatal without treatment

 

 

 

 

Acute

-Quickly advancing

-Affects mostly children

 

Chronic

-Slowly advancing 

-Affects mostly elderly

 

Symptoms include:

-Fever, weight loss, and bone pain

Term
Platelets (Thrombocyte)
Definition

Cell Framgments, not real cells

Responsible for blood clotting

Stick to the damaged site forming a platelet plug

Degenerate in 5-9 days if not used in clotting

Thrombopoietin, a hormone produced in the liver

Term
Homeostasis (standing still)
Definition

Sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured

 

Response must be quick, localized to the region of damage, and carefully controlled

 

Prevents Hemorrhage

Term
Clotting Disorders
Definition

Thromboembolytic Disorders

-Too much clotting

 

Bleeding Disorders

-Too little clotting

Term
Thromboembolytic Disorders
Definition

Thrombus

-Clot that develops in an unbroken blood vessel

-Too large, may block circulation

 

Embolus

-Free floating thrombus

-Complications?

Term
Embolism
Definition
Clot that travels from where it was formed
Term

Thrombus:

 

Definition
blood clot that forms in a vessel
Term
Bleeding Disorders
Definition

Thrombocytopenia

 

-Not enough circulating platelets

 

-Spontaneous bleeding

 

-Normal movement causes hemorrhage

Term

Bleeding disorders cont.

 

Hemophilia 

Definition

-hereditary bleeding disorders

 

-Sex linked, primarily in males

 

-Bleeding occurs spontaneously or after only minor trauma

Term
Effects of Massage on Blood
Definition

-increase hemoglobin, RBC and platelet count

 

-Oxygen carrying capacity of blood increased for a limited time after massage

 

-Enhanced overall nutrition of tissues throughout body

Term

Blood Groups

 

Definition

-ABO Blood Groups

 

-Rh Blood Groups

Term
ABO Blood Groups
Definition

-A

 

-B

 

-AB

-least common

 

-O

- Most comon

Term

Blood Types 

 

Definition
STUDY in book!
Term
Rh Blood Groups
Definition

Most Americans are Rh positive (85%)

-Carry Rh antigen

 

Reported with blood type (O+, A-, etc.)

Term
Erythroblastosis
Definition

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

 

Problem occurs when Rh negative woman caries a Rh positive  baby

Supporting users have an ad free experience!