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Cardiovascular System 2
Blood Vessels
64
Anatomy
11th Grade
04/02/2008

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Cards

Term
William Harvey
Definition

-Blood moves in circles

-arteries->arterioles->capillary beds->venules->veins

Term
Function of Capillaries
Definition

-only thick enough for 1 blood cell at a time

-exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes

*composed of simple squamous epithelium

Term
Three Coats of Blood Vessels
Definition

1.Tunica intima

2.Tunica media

3.Tunica externa

Term
Tunica intima
Definition

-or 'interna'

-lines the lumen (interior of vessels)

-thin layer of endothelium resting on a scanty layer of loose connective tissue

-cells fit closely together & form slick surface that decreases friction as blood flows through vessel

Term

Tunica media

Definition

-bluky middle coat

-mostly smooth/elastic tissue

Term

Tunica externa

Definition

-outmost tunic

-composed largely of fibrous connective tissue

-function: support & protect vessles

Term
Arteries vs. Veins
Definition

Arteries:

-walls much thicker; tunica media is heavier

-must be able to expand; walls must be strong/stetchy

-more smooth muscle

-higher blood pressure

Veins:

-thinner walls

-modified to ensure amount of blood returning to heart equals amount being pumped out of heart at any time

-larger lumen

-low BP

-closer to surface of skin

Term

R. & L. Coronary Arteries

Definition

-services heart

-ascending aorta

Term

Aortic Arch

(3)

Definition

1.Brachiocephalic

2.Left common carotid

3.left subclavian artery

Term
Brachiocephalic
Definition

-1st branch off aortic arch

-spilts into r. common carotid artery & r. subclavian

-right arm, head & neck

Term

Left common carotid

Definition

-2nd branch off aortic arch

-forms l. internal carotid (services brain) and l. external carotid (skin & muscles of head & neck)

Term
Left subclavian artery
Definition

-3rd branch off aortic arch

-gives off vertebral artery

-in axila, becomes axiallyr artery

-continues into arm as brachial artery

-at elbow splits to form radial and ulnar arteries

-services part of the brain

Term

Thoracic aorta

(2)

Definition

1.Intercostal arteries

2.Bronchial arteries

Term
Intercostal arteries
Definition

-10 pairs

-supply muscles of thorax wall

Term
Bronchial arteries
Definition
-supplies lungs
Term

Abdominal aorta

(6)

Definition

1.Celiac trunk

2.Superior mesenteric artery

3.Renal artery

4.Gonadal artery

5.Lumbar arteries

6.Common iliac arteries

Term
Celiac Trunk
Definition

-1st branch of abdominal aorta

-single vessel

-3 branches:

1.L. Gastric artery (stomach)

2.Splenic artery (spleen)

3.Common hepatic artery (liver)

Term
Superior mesenteric artery
Definition
-supplies most of small intestine & 1st 1/2 of large intestines
Term
Renal Arteries
Definition
-serve kidneys
Term
Gonadal Arteries
Definition

-supply gonads

*ovarian arteries in females

*testicular arteries in males

 

Term
Lumbar arteries
Definition

-several pairs

-serving heavy muslce of abdomen and trunk

Term
Common iliac arteries
Definition

-final branches of abdominal aorta

-each divides into internal iliac artery:

*bladder

*rectum

-external iliac artery - enters thigh to become femoral artery

-at knee becomes popliteal artery

-splits into anterior/posterior tibial arteries

*supply calf and foot

-anterior tibial artery ends in dorsalis pedis artery

-internal pelvic & external thigh

Term

Veins draining superior Vena Cava

(8)

Definition

1.Radial & Ulnar

2.Cephalic

3.Basilic

4.Subclavian

5.Vertebral

6.Internal jugular

7.brachiocephalic

8.azygos

Term
Radial & Ulnar
Definition

-drain forearm

-unite to form brachial vein

*drains arm & empties into axiallry vein

Term
Cephalic
Definition

-provides for superficial drainage of later aspect of arm

-empties into axiallry vein

Term
Basilic
Definition
-superficial vein that drains medial aspect of arm & empties into brachial vein proximally
Term
Subclavian
Definition

-recieves venous blood from arm through axiallry vein

-also skin and muscles of head through external jugular vein

Term
Vertebral
Definition
-drains posterior part of head
Term
Internal Jugular
Definition
-drains dural sinuses of brain
Term
Brachiocephalic
Definition

-large veins recieve venous drainage from subclavian, vertebral, internal jugluar veins

-join to form superior vena cava

Term
Azygos
Definition

-single veing

-drains thorax and enters superior vena cava

Term
Median Cubital Vein
Definition

-place where they take blood from

-cephalic & basilic joined at anterior elbow

Term

Veins draining the inferior vena cava

(7)

Definition

1.Anterior & posterior tibial veins

2.great saphenous veins

3.common iliac vein

4.gonadal veins

5.renal veins

6.hepatic portal veins

7.hepatic veins

Term
Anterior and posterior tibial veins
Definition

-drain calf/foot

-posterior becomes popliteal vein at knee & femoral vein at thigh

 

Term

Great Saphenous Veins

****

Definition

-longest in body

-recieve superficial drainage of leg

-begin at dorsal venous arch in foot; empty into femoral vein

Term
Common iliac vein
Definition

-formed by union of external iliac vein & interior iliac vein

-join to form inferior vena cava

Term
gonadal veins
Definition

-r. gonadal vein drains right ovary (females)

-r. gonadal vein drains right testicle (males)

Term
Renal Veins
Definition
-drain kidneys
Term

Hepatic Portal Veins

****

Definition

-single vein

-drains digestive tract organs & carries blood through liver before it enters systemic circulation

**carries blood high in nutrients (special circulation)

Term
Hepatic Veins
Definition
-drains liver
Term
Special Circulations
Definition

1.Brain & circle of Willis

2.Hepatic Portal Circulation

3.Fetal Circulation

Term
Brain & Circle of Willis
Definition

-brain supplied by 2 pairs of arteries

1.internal carotid artery

2.vertebral arteries

-carotids run through neck and enter skull through temporal bone

-inside the cranium each divides into anterior & middle cerebral arteries which supplies most of cerebrum

-vertebral arteries go upward from subcalvian arteries at base of neck

-in kull vertabral arteries form basilar artery as it goes up

Circle of Willis: surrounds base of brain; provides more than 1 route for blood to reach brain in case of a clot

Term
Hepatic Portal Ciculation
Definition

-drains digestive organs, spleen/pancreas

*deliver blood to liver through hepatic portal vein

-inferior meseritric vein drains terminal poart of large intestines

-drains inot splenic vein which drains spleen,pancreas,and left side of stomach

-splenic and superior mesenteric vein (small intestines, & 1st part of colon) join to form hepatic portal vein

Term
Fetal Circulation
Definition

-lungs & digestion systems are not functioning in fetus

-recieves nutrients & gases through the placenta

*umbilical vein

*umbilical arteries

*ductus venosus

*foramne ovale

*ductus arteriosus

*ligamentum arteriosum

Term
Umbilical Vein
Definition
-carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to fetus
Term
Umbilical arteries
Definition

-2 umbilical arteries

-CO2 and debris from fetus is carried to placenta

Term
Ductus venosus
Definition
-bypasses the immature liver of fetus and enters the inferior vena cava to the right atrium
Term
Foramne ovale
Definition

-flap-like opening in the interatrial septum

-shunts blood from R. to L. atrium to prevent the passage to R. Ventricle and lungs

Term
Ductus arteriosus
Definition

-some blood manages to reach the R. Ventricle & is pumped out ot pulmonary trunk

-short

-connects aorta and pulmonary trunk to divert blood away from lungs

Term
Ligamentum arteriosum
Definition
-made by ductus arteriosus callapsing
Term
Vital Signs
Definition

1.pulse

2.BP

3.Respiration rate

4.body temperature

Term
Pulse
Definition

-alternating expansion and recoil of an artery

-occurs with each beat of l. ventricle

-normally equal to the heart rate

Term
Pressure Points
Definition
-compress pulse point to stop blood flow distal to the hemorrhage
Term

Blood Pressure

(BP)

Definition
Pressure exerted by blood against walls of blood vessels (keeps blood circulating between heartbeats)
Term
Blood Pressure Gradient
Definition

highest: point closest to L. Ventricle (aorta)

lowest: vena cava (0)

Term
Measuring Blood Pressure
Definition

normal ~ 120/80

systolic #/diastolic #

Term
effects of various factors on BP
Definition

-Peripheral resistance

-autonomic nervous system

-renal

-temperature

-chemicals

-diet

Term
Peripheral resistance
Definition

-amount of friction encountered by blood as it flows through vessels

-increased by narrowing blood vessels due to a thickening of blood

Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition

-parasympathetic: little or no effect on B.P.

-sympathetic: vasconstriction

Term
Renal
Definition

Regulate b.p. by altering blood volume (regular water balance)

-increase water absorbtion increases blood volume and increases bp

-drecreases H2O absorbtion decreases blood volume

decrease bp:

-renin causes venoconstrictor; leads to formation of angiotesin 2 (^BP)

-aldosterone: causes H2O reabsorbtion

(^BV, ^BP)

Term
Temperature
Definition

cold: vasoconstrictor

heat: vasodialator

Term
Chemicals
Definition

-nicotine: increases bp by vasoconstiction

-alcohol: vasodialtor; deacreases BP

Term
Diet
Definition
unhealthy foods
Term
Variations in Blood Pressure
Definition

normal adult (at rest)

~120-140 mm Hg/75-80 mm Hg

*varies with age, weight, race, mood, physical activity, & posture

hypotenstion: low BP (below 100 mm)

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