Term
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Definition
| endocardium, myocardium, epicardium |
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Term
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Definition
| serious inner layer of pericardium. visceral pericardium and epicardium are almost continuous |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac muscle. ventricle has thicker myocardium for pumping (left = thickest) |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelias lining (inner most layer of heart) |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood away from heart & carry oxygenated blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries deoxygenated blood. one branch goes into each lunch |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood to the heart and carry deoxygenated blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries oxygenated blood from lungs into heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous cords that attached to av valves. |
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Term
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Definition
| left atroventricular valve. |
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Term
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Definition
| right atrioventricular valve. |
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Term
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Definition
| aortic valve, pulmonary valve |
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Term
| outer layer of artery & vein |
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Definition
| made up of collagen & elastic fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| made of smooth muscle and elastic fibres |
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Term
| inner layer of artery & vein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains smooth muscle and elastic fibres, but less than in arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of only the inner tunic: endothelial lining |
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Term
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Definition
| pumps blood from body to lungs for oxygenation |
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Term
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Definition
| pumps blood to body to distribute oxygen and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
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Term
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Definition
| type of blood vessel that carries blood away from heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smallest blood vessels, one cell thick; permeable to oxygen, nutrients, waste |
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Term
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Definition
| larger vessels returning blood |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a single cardiac cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pacemaker of the heart- specialized area of cardiac muscle cells that have the quality of automatically generating electrical impulses triggering repeated beating of heart. |
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Term
| AV node, atrioventricular node |
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Definition
| specialized group of cardiac muscle cells, serve as auxillary pacemakers, protect ventricles from beating too fast. |
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Term
| bundle of his (av bundle) |
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Definition
| travels down interventricular septum. slow conduction of action potentials. creates delay between atrial and ventricular contractions because you do not want them being relayed too quickly. |
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Term
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Definition
| dispersed network of fibers from the av bundles. carry action potentials into ventricular myocardium (apex - upwards) |
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Term
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Definition
| arrythmia where SA node fails to function normally and heart beats slower |
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Term
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Definition
| arrythmia that causes the SA node fail to function normally, making the heart beat faster |
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Term
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Definition
| other pacemaker sites within the atria or ventricles that trigger depolarization. typically on a more superficial level |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle of the heart into its vessels/unit time(seconds) |
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Term
| CO=heart rate x stroke volume |
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Definition
| formula for cardiac ouput |
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Term
| large dog-80bpm, small dog- 120bpm, horse- 30/40bpm, dairy cow-60/70bpm |
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Definition
| general heart rates for large & small dog, horse and dairy cow |
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Term
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Definition
| neural reflexes- arterial baroreceptor reflexes- changes in blood volume spark relay of messages to brainstem & reflex centers. |
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Term
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Definition
| humoral agents- angiotensinogen (plasma protein from liver) promotes Renin, from the kidney, to produce angiotensin 1, which then an ACE (enzyme) converts it to angiotensin2, which acts on arteries to control blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| paracrine agents- LPS, lipopolysacaride |
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Term
| parts (&sequence) of respiratory system) |
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Definition
| nose (nasal cavity), pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi & bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| gaseous exchange between an animal and its environment |
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Term
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Definition
| hairless pad of epidermis of the nose - thick layer of stratified squamos epithelium- heavily pigmented supplied with mucous & sweat glands |
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Term
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Definition
| air-filled cavity within facial bones of skull - conduct air into respiratory system. |
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Term
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Definition
| common passageway for food & air. 2 openings: dorsal nasopharynx, for respiratory AND ventral oropharynx for mouth & digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the flow of gases into the respiratory tract & prevents anything other than gases to enter. |
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Term
| organ on phonation (larynx) |
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Definition
| muscle contraction changes tension in ligaments, air moves past ligaments & causes vibration, which causes voice. |
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Term
| cartilages of the hyoid apparatus |
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Definition
| epiglottis (seals off entrance to larynx during swallowing), cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid |
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Term
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Definition
| requires the tube to be placed into the lower of the two openings in the throat |
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Term
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Definition
| passages to lungs formed by C shaped hyaline tracheal cartilages. then joined by annular ligaments. smooth muscles affect diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| have an extra tracheal bronchus, cranial to other bronchi and goes to right lung |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| over production of mucous, like in ashmatic attack, due to allergens |
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Term
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Definition
| branch lungs that lacks cartilage because preparing for gaseous exchange. walls contain smooth muscle. dilate to enable greater volume of air |
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Term
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Definition
| "grape bunches" of sacs. thin walled sacs surrounded by capillary networks. epithilial lining, thin to allow gaseous exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| parts of alveoli that are not involved in gas exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| most important factor in alveolar fluid. has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties that reduces surface tension, promotes stability, and makes expansion of alveoli easier. |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that make surfactant |
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Term
| parietal, visceral, mediastinal, diaphragmatic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| moving air in and out of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| moving air into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| moving air out of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| in direct contact with atmosphere, and so under pressure of atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| under pressure of chest and diaphragm movement |
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