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Cardiovascular histology
Exam 6
49
Anatomy
Graduate
09/15/2010

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Cards

Term
The heart, great vessels, aorta, and other large vessels constitute the gross ________ system.
Capillaries, arterioles and venules make up the __________ system.
Definition
vascular; microvascular
Term
normal systolic level
diastolic level
Definition
120
80
Term
Artery with largest diameter
Vein with largest diameter
Definition
aorta
vena cava
Term
Three tunics of large vessels from inner most to outer most.
Definition
tunica intima (TI), tunica media (TM), tunica adventitia (TA)
Term
The ____ _________ is found in the tunica __________ and functions to provide nutrients to very large vessels.
Definition
vasa vasorum
adventitia
Term
The endothelial layer of the tunica intima is made of
Definition
simple squamous epithelium
Term
The internal elastic lamina (IEL) is found in which tunic?
Definition
tunica intima
Term
The external elastic lamina (EEL) is found in which tunic?
Definition
tunica media
Term
Circumferentially arranged smooth muscle is found in the
Definition
tunica media
Term
Arteries function in a ____ pressure system, veins function in a ____ pressure system.
Definition
high; low
Term
Wall of vein usually _______ than a similar sized artery
Definition
thinner
Term
Tunica _________ predominant in veins
Tunica _______ is predominant in arteries
Definition
adventitia;
media
Term
Large arteries affect ________blood pressure and are also called conducting or _______ arteries
Definition
diastolic
elastic
Term
Medium arteries are called _________ arteries and have well-defined ______
Definition
muscular
tunics
Term
_________ lack a subendothelial layer and an __________ elastic lamina
Definition
Arterioles
internal
Term
In arterioles the tunica ________ is limited or absent and lacks an _______ elastic lamina
Definition
adventitia
external
Term
Function as “control valves” for capillary beds
Definition
arterioles
Term
_________ consist of a single layer of highly permeable endothelial cells surrounded by a _____ _______ (variable)
Definition
capillaries
basal lamina
Term
Capillaries are ____ pressure vessels that allow ________ diffusion across their walls.
Definition
low
passive
Term
3 types of capillaries:
Definition
continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous (sinusoidal)
Term
The basal lamina is present in these two types of capillaries but absent in this type.
Definition
present- continuous, fenestrated
absent- discontinuous (sinusoidal)
Term
continuous capillaries are found in the
Definition
pancreas
Term
fenestrated capillaries are found in the
Definition
jejunum and the renal glomerulus
Term
discontinued capillaries aree found in the
Definition
liver and spleen
Term
fenestrated capillaries have _____ or "fenestrae" in the cell wall
Definition
pores
Term
discontinuous capillaries have ____ in the cell wall
Definition
gaps
Term
Functions of capillary endothelium:
Definition
exchange of gases
enzyme mediated reactions
exchange of fluids and metabolites via small and large pores
Term
3 types of capillary systems
Definition
arteriole – capillary – venule
arteriole – capillary – arteriole
capillary – venule – capillary
Term
arteriole-capillary-arteriole system found in the
Definition
kidney glomerulus
Term
capillary-venule-capillary system found in the
Definition
adenohypophysis of the
pituitary gland
Term
Venules have:
Definition
An endothelial lining
No tunica media
Thin wall and larger lumen than an arteriole
Small collagenous tunica adventitia
Smallest vein to receive blood from converging capillaries
Term
__________ in venules
causes separation of endothelial cells, and exposes the ______ ______ to allow passage of cells and fluid
Definition
histamine;
basal lamina
Term
______ ______ are similar to venules, but have a thicker tunica media and tunica adventitia
Definition
small veins
Term
Medium and large veins have _____ but only the large veins have _____ __________.
Definition
valves
vasa vasorum
Term
Medium veins have _________ arranged smooth muscle in media and _____________ arranged smooth muscle in adventitia
Definition
circularly
longitudinally
Term
In large veins the __________ is most prominent and contains numerous ____________ arranged bundles of smooth muscle
Definition
adventitia
longitudinally
Term
The tunica media of _______ veins is much thicker relative to the size of the lumen compared to _____ veins.
Definition
medium
large
Term
_______ of veins consist of two outpockets of endothelium of the tunica _______ that extend into the lumen
Definition
valves
intima
Term
3 layers of the heart from outer to inner
Definition
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Term
The endocardial layer of the heart is composed of an endothelial lining, _____ ______, and subendocardial layer of connective tissue
Definition
basal lamina
Term
layer of the heart continuous with the heart valves
Definition
endocardium
Term
______, nerves and the _______ __________ system are present in the subendocardial region of the _____________ layer of the heart.
Definition
veins
impulse conducting
endocardium
Term
Cardiac muscle cells modified for conduction. Generally, larger than cardiac muscle cells, containing elevated levels of glycogen
Definition
Purkinje fibers
Term
Cardiac muscle fibers in the ___________ of the heart have nuclei that are __________ located.
Definition
myocardium
centrally
Term
The endocardium has a serous covering of mesothelium and _____ _________ tissue making up the subepicardial layer, and contains ________ ________.
Definition
loose connective
adipose tissue
Term
Cardiac muscle tissue has __________ _____ and the _______ are centrally located.
Definition
intercalated discs
nuclei
Term
Purkinje fibers are found in the ___________ layer.
Definition
sub-endocardial
Term
cardiovascular disease
Definition
1. Leading cause of death in this country – afflicts more than 28 million people resulting in 1 million deaths per year.
2. Not limited to the elderly.
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Degenerating metabolic lesion of vessel whereby tunica intima becomes thickened by cholesterol deposits and hardened by healing and degeneration (plaque)

If coronaries involved, circulation to the heart muscle is compromised, resulting in compromise of normal function due to ischemia (inadequate blood supply)

Histologically, endothelium and smooth muscle are primarily involved

Early stages are partly reversible. Late stages become irreversibly calcified and hardened
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