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cardiovascular and circulatory
cardiovascular and circulatory
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
07/02/2009

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Cards

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What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Definition
the cardiovascular system transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones around the body
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What are the 2 circulations that the heart pumps blood into?
Definition
pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
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What is the pulmonary circulation?
Definition
blood that is sent to the lungs to get oxygenated
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What is the systemic circulation?
Definition
all the blood carried to everywhere else in the body
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What is the pericardium? What are the two layers of the pericardium?
Definition
The heart is surrounded by a double layered sac called the pericardium
The two layers are the Fibrous (outer) pericardium and serous (inner) pericardium
Term
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Definition
The parietal pericardium (which lines the inside of the sac) and the visceral or epicardium (which is located on the heart itself).
NOTE: If you are to identify these layers on the lab portion of your test, the question will have to say, "what is the first layer the pin passes through!!!" This is also true of the fibrous pericardium
Term
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Definition
the epicardium (first layer the pin passes through from outside), myocardium (most of the "meat" of the heart), and endocardium (the first layer the pin passes through from inside)
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What is the other name for epicardium?
Definition
Visceral pericardium
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What is the other name for visceral pericardium?
Definition
Epicardium
Term
Classify the epithelium that makes up the visceral pericardium (aka epicardium)
Definition
simple squamous epithelium
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What is myocardium composed of?
Definition
cardiac muscle tissue
Term
Describe the shape, striation, nucleus location, and presence of cell-cell communicators, voluntary or involuntary contraction?
Definition
Cardiac muscle cells are branched
Cardiac muscle cells are striated (like skeletal muscle)
Nuclei are centrally located
cardiac muscle cells contain Intercallated discs which have gap junctions that allow calcium to travel between cells
Cardiac muscle cells contract involuntarily
Term
What is endocardium composed of? Where is it found?
Definition
- composed of epithelial tissue and connective tissue
-lines the internal surface of the heart
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How many chambers does the heart contain?
Definition
4 chambers - 2 atria (right and left) and 2 ventricles (right and left)
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Where does the right atria recieve blood from (3 places)? Is blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Definition
Superior vena cava (SVC), Inferior Vena cava (IVC) and the coronary sinus. Blood is deoxygenated on the right side of the heart.
Term
Where does the superior vena cava collect blood from?
Definition
Above the diaphragm. Blood is DO2
Term
Where does the inferior vena cava collect blood from? Is it O2 or DO2?
Definition
Below the diaphragm. DO2
Term
Where does the coronary sinus collect blood from? Is it O2 or DO2?
Definition
Collects blood from the coronary vessels of the heart. It is DO2
Term
What is the order that blood travels through the heart starting with the right atria? O2 or DO2?
Definition
Right atria (DO2) --> Tricuspid valve (DO2) --> Right Ventricle (DO2)--> Pulmonary semilunar valve (DO2)--> Pulmonary trunk (DO2) --> right and left pulmonary arteries (DO2) --> LUNGS (O2) --> Pulmonary veins (O2)--> Left atria (O2)--> Bicuspid Valve (O2)--> Left Ventricle (O2)--> Aortic Semilunar valve (O2) --> ascending aorta (O2) --> Arch of the aorta (O2)
Term
What is the function of the valves of the heart?
Definition
Prevent backflow
Term
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
Definition
The left ventricle pumps blood out to the systemic circulatory system which is under much higher pressure than the pulmonary circulatory system. Therefore, the muscle tissue needs to be thicker and bigger to push against the higher pressure.
Term
Where are the atrioventricular valves located?
Definition
Between the atria and the ventricle (as the name might suggest)
Term
What is the valve called between the right atria and ventricle?
Definition
The right atrioventricular valve or the tricuspid
Term
What is the valve between the left atria and ventricle called?
Definition
The left atrioventricular valve or the bicuspid
Term
What is the function of the chordae tendeneae and papillary muscles? Where are they found (generally)
Definition
Located on the inner surface of the ventricles) prevent the valves from swinging back into the atria
Term
What is the function of the semilunar valves?
Definition
prevent back flow of blood into the heart
Term
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?
Definition
the pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
Term
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
Definition
the aortic semilunar valve is located between the aorta and left ventricle
Term
What are the first two branches of the ascending aorta (NOT OFF THE ARCH!!!)
Definition
Right and left coronary arteries
Term
What are the branches off the right coronary artery?
Definition
The marginal artery and the posterior descending artery
Term
What are the branches off the left coronary artery?
Definition
Left anterior descending artery (AKA LAD or anterior interventricular)
Term
All the cardiac veins of the heart drain into where?
Definition
The coronary sinus which drains into the atria
Term
How can you get 5 bonus points on the first midterm?
Definition
Remember the fact that an EKG (or ECG) measures the cardiac conduction system NOT MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Everyone has to get this right to get 5 points, so make sure you tell your friends :-)
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