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Cardiopulmonary anatomy & physiology
NECC-CPAP Ch 1
54
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2009

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Cards

Term
What is the primary function of the upper airway?
Definition
1.conductor of air 2.humidify air 3. prevent aspiration 4. area for speech and smelll
Term
What is the purpose of the olfactory region?
Definition
receptors for the sense of smell located here
Term
What are the various parts that make up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Definition
nasal bones and the frontal process of the maxilla and the cribriform plate of th ethmoid bone
Term
Locate and explain the function of the nasal septum.
Definition
Located in the internal portion of the nose, It separates the nasal cavity into two equal chambers. Posteriorly formed by the perpendicular plate of th ethmoid bone and the vomer. Anteriorly formed by the septal cartilage.
Term
Name the parts that make up the upper third of the nose.
Definition
nasal bones and frontal process of the maxilla
Term
What is the purpose of the cilia?
Definition
move mucus
Term
What are the types of vocal cords?
Definition
false vocal cords, true vocal cords
Term
Locate and name the parts of the pharynx.
Definition
Nasopharynx- located between the posterior portion of the nasal cavity (posterior nares) and the superior part of the soft palate. Oropharynxx-between the soft palate and thebase of the tongue inferiorly (at the level of the hyoid bone) laryngopharynx- between the base of the tongue and the entrance to the esophagus.
Term
What is the purpose of the eustachian tubes?
Definition
equalize pressure in the middle ear
Term
What is the purpose of the tonsils?
Definition
lymphoid tissues believed to serve certain immunologic defense functions
Term
What are the functions of the larynx?
Definition
1. passageway of air between pharynx and trachea 2. protect against aspiration of solids and liquids 3. generates sounds for speech Also: Valsava's maneuver...prevent air from escaping during physivcal work
Term
What are the types of single cartilage?
Definition
Cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage and epiglottis
Term
Major structures and generations of TB tree (Conducting Zone)
Definition
trachea 0, main stem bronchi-1, lobar bronchi- 2, segmental bronchi-3,Subsegmental bronchi 4-9, Bronchioles 10-15, Termianl bronchioles 16-19
Term
Major structures and generations of TB tree (Respiratory Zone)
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles 20-23, Alveolar ducts 24-27, Alveolar sacs-28
Term
How is mucus produced?
Definition
Goblet cells, submucosal and bronchial glands (made of 95% water, glycoproteins, carbs, lipids, DNA and some cellular debris
Term
What are the layers of the mucus blanket?
Definition
sol layer (adjacent to epithelial lining), gel layer (more viscuous, adjacent to inner luminal surface)
Term
Name factors that slow mucocilliary transport.
Definition
cigaret smoke, dehydration, positive pressure ventilation, ET suctioning, hig inspired oxygen concentrations, hypoxia, atmospheric piollutants, general anesthetics, parasympoatholytics (i.e. atropine)
Term
Re: Immunological Mechanisms; Name the mediators released by mast cell degranulation?
Definition
histamine, heparin, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis(SRS-S), Platelet activating factor (PAF), eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), leukotrienes...leads to increased mucus secretion etc.
Term
What happens to the surface area of cross section of the bronchial area as you go down from the top of th econducting zone down to the bottom of the respiratory zone?
Definition
Surface area increases exponentially
Term
What is the purpose of the bronchiole arteries?
Definition
Nourish the tracheobronchial tree.
Term
Name the componenets of the primary lobule.
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar clusters from a single terminal bronchiole
Term
How many alveoli make up one primary lobule?
Definition
2,000
Term
What is the purpose of alveolar Type II cells?
Definition
produce pulmonary surfactant
Term
What is the function of th ePores of Kohn?
Definition
permit gas to move between adjacent alveoli
Term
Name the three parts of the sternum.
Definition
Manubrium sterni, body, xiphoid process
Term
Explain the location of the lungs.
Definition
The apices of the lungs rise to the first rib, base extends, anetriorly to 6th rib (xiphoid process), posteriorly to the 11th rib
Term
What is the function of the hilum?
Definition
This is wheer the main stem bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels and various nerves enter and exit the lungs.
Term
What is the location of the visceral pleura?
Definition
Firmly attached to the outer surface of each lung and extends into interlobar fissures
Term
What is the pleural cavity?
Definition
the potential space between the visceraland parietal pleurae
Term
What is the function of the central tendon?
Definition
It merges the hemi-diaphragms.
Term
What is the function of the phrenic nerves?
Definition
supply primary motpor innervation to each hemi diaphragm
Term
What are the accessory muscles of imspiration?
Definition
scalenus muscles, strnocleidomastoid muscles, pectoralis major muscles, trapezius muscles, external intercostal muscles
Term
What are the accessory muscles of expiration?
Definition
rectus abdominus muscles, external abdominus obliquus muscles, internal abdominal obliquus muscles, tranversus abdominus muscles, internal intercostal muscles
Term
Explain the function of the trapezius.
Definition
Normally: rotate teh scapulae, raise shoulders, abduct and flex the arms. Accessory function: elevate the thorax
Term
What is the correct placement of an endotracheal tube?
Definition
2-3 cm above the carina (bifurcation of trachea)
Term
What side would the ET tube typically go into if you missed?
Definition
right side-main stem intubation
Term
What is the location of the glottis?
Definition
Term
What type of tissue lines the nasopharynx?
Definition
pseudostratified siliated columnar epitheliem
Term
Where is the opening for the eustachian tube?
Definition
locate don the two lateral surfaces of the nasopharynx
Term
What type of tissue lines the oropharynx?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium (nonciliated)
Term
What type of tissue lines the laryngopharynx?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium (nonciliated)
Term
What are three types of tonsils?
Definition
palatine, lingual, pharyngeal (adenoids)
Term
What is the narrowest point in the larynx for adults? infants?
Definition
glottis, cricoid cartilage
Term
Ventilatory function of larynx?
Definition
free flow of air to and from lungs
Term
What are cartilaginous airways responsible for?
Definition
Conducting air
Term
What are non cartilaginous airways responsible for?
Definition
conductors of air and gas exchange
Term
Three layers of tracheobronchial tree are:
Definition
epithelial lining, lamina proper, cartilaginous layer
Term
What type of tissue is the epithelial lining made of?
Definition
Pseudostratified columnar epithelial (ciliated)separated from lamina pproper by basement membrane
Term
About how many cilia are there per ciliated cell?
Definition
200
Term
At the larynx, what does the cough mechanism do?
Definition
moves secretions beyond larynx into oropharynx
Term
What are the two major immune responses?
Definition
Cellular immunity, humoral immunity
Term
What is teh diameter of the termianal bronchioles?
Definition
.5 mm
Term
What types of tissue are found in the pulmonary vascular system?
Definition
single layer of squamous epithelial cells
Term
Trace a drop of blood through the pulmonary vascular system:
Definition
right atrium of heart, pulomnary artery, branches of smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary vein (frehly oxygenated blood)
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