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Cardio System- Blooooood LG
cardio system about blood! :)
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/08/2011

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Term
What is blood?
Definition
Fluid connective tissue:
plasma is ground system
specialized cells (white/ red cells)
fibers when clotting
Term
Functions of blooooooood
D,W/D,B,F
Definition
-distribute nutrients, gases and hormones
-carry waste and defensive cells
-regulate body temp
-prevent fluid loss
Term
Made of what 2 things?
which are really what?
Definition
(+1/2) Plasma--> fluid & proteins
(-1/2) Elements--> RBC, WBC, platelets
Term
What affects these percentages?
Definition
-where you live
-blood pressure
Term
Volume definitions:
Normovolemic:
Hypovolemic:
Hypervolemic:
Definition
Normovolemic: normal volume of blood in body
Hypovolemic: volume of blood depleted
Hypervolemic: volume of blood above normal
Term
Plasma
1-primarily made of
2-how much of blood volume is plasma?
3- not the same as what?
Definition
1-water
2-55%
3- interstitial fluid in CO2, O2 and protein concentrations
Term
proteins in plasma:
1-most abundant
2- the most abundant is also the...
3- second most abundant protein
4- least abundant protein
Definition
1- albumin (helps osmotic pressure, keeps fluid in blood instead of leaking into organs/ body cavities)
2-smallest of plasma proteins
3-globulin immunoglobulins; "antibodies"
(defense: fight off unkwn material/ pathogens, help in transport)
4-fibrinogen (makes fibrin for clotting, removal leaves serum)
Term
If you take fibrinogen out of plasma what is it?
Definition
SERUM
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
mainly red blood cells
-carry O2
-sacs of hemaglobin
-have organelles taken out because they only have 1 joby job
Term
Why is a RBC shaped like it is?
Definition
A biconcave disk?
-increases surface area for oxygenation
-increases flexibility
Term
RBC fact: don't need to know specs
Definition
260 mill min 1 drop of blood
life span 120 days
1% replaced daily =3 mill ery sec.
Term
what makes up most of RBC proteins?
what does this substance give it?
Definition
hemaglobin
-red pigment
-has 4 polypeptide subunits
Term
what allows it to affix or bind oxygen?
Definition
iron!! FE
Term
What are blood types based on?
Definition
Surface antigens
Term
Leukcytes are
where are most of them found?
where are a small amount found?
Definition
WBCs
-mostly in peripheral tissues
-some in circulation
Term
What are granulocytes?
Definition
A WBC w/ secretory granules in it's cytoplasm
e.g. eosinophil or basophil
Term
Neutrophils
-what can they do?
-what do they do?
-what infections do they respond to?
-what percent of WBC
Definition
pale granules w/ lysosomal enzymes, lobulated nucleus (more than 1 lobe/part)
-move
-arrive 1st and act as phagocytes!
-bacterial
-70
Term
Eosinophil
-what percent of WBCs
-granules and nucleus status
-where are they found responding to?
-what can they do each season?
Definition
-2-4
-red granules, lobulated nucleus
-allergic and parasitic conditions
-increase or decrease numbers (allergies or in presence of a parasitic infection)
Term
Basophils
-what percent
-granules and nucleus
-what do they release (hormone) and what does it do!
Definition
-less than 1
-blue/purple granules and lobulated nucleus
-release histamine (draws other things to infection sites, causes blood to enter and heat to rise in injured tissues)
Term
two types of agranulocytes:
what is an agranulocyte?
Definition
monocytes and lymphocytes
non granular leukocyte!
Term
monocytes (2-8%)
-nucleus
-what they do
Definition
-bean shaped nucleus; LARGE
-mobile and phagocytic
-can enter peripheral tissues and become macrophages!
-help turn on immune system, they pick up pieces of cells and hold them up to lymphocytes who then say okay lets make more antibodies!
Term
Lymphocytes
make 3 cells:
Definition
-little cytoplasm, big nucleus
-T cells: directly attack pathogens, thymus gland matures these guys!
-B cells: bone marrow cells
-NK cells (natural born killer cells) act as a town watchman and go after things that look weird
Term
Platelets
-produced by what?
-AKA what?
-help with what 2 things?
Definition
-megakaryocytes
-they're thrombocytes
-help in homeostasis and help with clotting
Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition
too few platelets
under 50,000 can cause spontaneous bleeding
Term
Erythropoiesis
Definition
the forming of RBCs
Term
leukopoiesis
Definition
producing leukocytes
Term
thrombopoiesis
Definition
making blood clot formations/ platelets
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