Term
| Six Mountain Ranges in California |
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Definition
| Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, Klamath Mountains, Coastal Ranges, Transverse Mountains, and Peninsular Ranges. |
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Definition
| Highest Point in California |
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Term
| The Three Bays and Harbors |
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Definition
| San Francisco, San Diego, and Monterey. |
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Definition
| Central Valley, Owens Valley, Death Valley, and Imperial Valley |
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Definition
| Mojave and Colorado Desert |
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Definition
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Term
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| Interaction between Taino and Columbus. Each side gains something new but it is not always good. |
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| A new and nicer word for conquest given by Spain. If people were to conquer, they could not hurt or kill the Indians. |
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Term
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Definition
| The creation of new groups out of old groups who were devastated by the effects of their old groups, such as death. The creation of the new groups out of the old was because of conquest. |
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Term
The Dates for:
Cabrillo
Drake
Cermeno
Vizcaino |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Discovered Alta California while looking for the Strait of Anian.
Found San Diego Harbor and Met the Kumeyaay People.
Died in fight with Natives.
He claimed all lands in the name of Spain. |
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Term
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Definition
English Privateer - Fancy name for pirate. Earns the queen a lot of money.
Landed in Alta California to repair the Golden Hinde.
Claimed all lands observed as Nova Albion - or New England.
Only stayed five weeks. |
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Definition
Spurred by Spains conquest of the Philippines.
Discovered Monterey Bay.
Legacy: Anchorages and Conflict with Natives. |
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Definition
Naming of Monterey Bay.
Legacy: Lost of Interest. They found no gold, no credible evidence of a good harbor, no strait of anian, so there was no need. |
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Term
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Definition
Spanish Noble.
Comes as the visitor General and the King wants him to clean up because they do not like the Jesuits.
Looks to n=North to Alta California for Expansion and Revenue.
Wants to use Franciscan Missions to produce colonists. |
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Term
| Captain Gaspar de Portola |
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Definition
Noblemen.
Governor of Baja California.
Expelled Jesuits. |
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Term
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Definition
Leader of the spiritual contingent of the "Sacred Expedition".
Wants to be a martyr and die for his faith.
Founded the First 9 Missions.
Establishes tones for the missions. |
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Term
| Spanish Goals for Missionization |
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Definition
| Create colonists, secure territory, and generate revinue. |
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Term
| Captian Juan Bautista de Anza |
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Definition
Opens Route from Tubac (Sonora) to Monterey.
Aided by the Yuma people.
Expeditions bring in several hundred settlers and over a thousand head of livestock.
Second Expedition established control of San Francisco Bay Area. |
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Term
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Definition
| The year the first mission was founded in San Diego. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce colonists, secure territory, and generate revenue. |
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Term
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Definition
| 21, about 30 miles apart on Camino Real |
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Term
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Definition
Convert the Indians
Teach the Indians European ways to make them civilized.
Teach them to pray and on to the path for religious conversion.
Teach them labor tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
Indians that lived at the mission.
Christians in training.
They are the labor source.
They never lose the status of neophyte.
Treated harshly. |
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Term
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Definition
Constructed to protect the missions (Forts).
Return Fugitives.
Capture New Neophytes.
Four Built.
Weak Militarily. |
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Term
| Father-President Serrra's Legacy |
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Definition
| Established 9 of the missions. |
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Term
| Father-President Francisco Lausen |
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Definition
The most important Father-President after Father Serra.
Made the missions the way they look today.
Expands the ranchos.
Starts to trade with other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
Near the mission and contains the mission herds.
Uses Indian Labor.
Major Source of Wealth in Mission System. |
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Definition
Established by Viceroy Bucareli.
Agricultural Towns.
Indian Labor.
Created by Bucareli to get people to come to California. Gives them free land, animals, tools and no taxes. |
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Term
| Reasons to trade with California |
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Definition
Furs, especially sea otters.
Willing buyers. They can buy a lot of food, like milk and grain. They can buy blankets or lumber.
Proximity to Asian markets.
Ability to obtain supplies. |
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Term
| Main Goals of Independent Mexico |
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Definition
Secularize the Missions (They believe they have too much power)
Provide Land to Mexican Citizens
Encourage Foreign Trade
Encourage Immigration
Rule through Military Governors |
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Term
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Definition
Foreigners may become naturalized Mexican citizens by filling out a form, convertin to catholicism, and waiting a year
Foreign settlers exempted from taxes. |
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Definition
| Oral Tradition and Custom determines rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monarch Owns Land - Subjects have to get a written grant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizens own lands - ownership by written title from governor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizens own lands - ownership by written title under state/federal laws. |
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Term
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Definition
First Governor of Mexican California - 1824
Appointed by Mexican Government
An outsider and a hypochondriac.
He has problems with getting revenue, the soldiers, and getting the Indians to work.
Resigns after Army Revolt. |
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Term
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Definition
The best and most well-liked governor.
Implemented the Secularization Order that said it was to time to secularize the missions.
Insisted that 50% of mission property go to the Indians.
Appointed comisionados.
Died in Office from stress. |
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Term
| Juan Alvarado and Mariano Vallejo |
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Definition
Nortenos.
Declare Independence from Mexico.
They compromise with Mexico and become a state within a country.
The surenos do not like them.
Lots of Factionalism.
They step down and ask Mexico to send a new governor. |
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Term
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Definition
An outsider.
Appointed by Mexican government.
Arrives with 300 soldiers to help fix everything.
Loses control of California. |
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Term
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Definition
Both Surenos.
Pico - Civil Leader
Castro - Political Leader.
Pico - Los Angeles.
Castro - Monterey.
Castro controls the money and witholds funds from Pico.
They both run when the Mexican War starts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Merchants. They typically come from New England. Obtain citizenship. Marry into Rancho families. Involved Hide and Tallow trade. Prominent members of society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Example of a Merchant. He was a buisness agent that converted to catholicism. Married into a Rancho family and becomes part of the elite. Starts a school for young men which is the first non-mission school in California. He is a Visitador de misiones. |
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| Yankee Merchant, New Englander. SElls Hide and Alcohol. Marries into the Bandini Family. The Bandini Family supports Americans. |
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| Yankee Merchant and money lender. Respects Californios and is encouraging the nortenos and surenos to be a part of America. |
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Definition
| Yankee Merchant and money lender. Respects Californios and is encouraging the nortenos and surenos to be a part of America. |
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Definition
| Came across the mountains. Looking for beaver. Not welcomed by Californios. |
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Definition
| Trapper. He came without permission from Meico. He has good relationships with the Indians but no respect for Mexican territory. |
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Definition
| Opened the Old Spanish Trail, or Southern Oregon Trail. |
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Definition
| Opened rthe central route through the Sierrra. |
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Definition
| Opened rthe central route through the Sierrra. |
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Definition
| Makes a guide to help people come to California. Explled from California. Makes Larkin angry because he makes the Americans look bad by raising the American flag. |
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Definition
| Greatest victory for the Californios during the Mexican War. |
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Definition
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Gold Discovered. |
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Definition
| Discovers gold. Carpenter for Sutter. |
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Definition
| Tells everyone about gold. |
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