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Building a Powerful Nation
Part 2 Unit Test
78
History
10th Grade
12/01/2008

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Term
Morrill Land-Grant Act
Definition
Law: distributed millions of acres of western land to state governments to fund state agricultural colleges.
Term
Pacific Railway Acts
Definition
Law: Gave large land grants to Union/Pacific/Central Pcific railraods [1862, 1864]
Term
Push-Pull Factors
Definition
Events/Conditions that push/force people somewhere or pull/attract them somewhere.
Term
Exoduster
Definition
African American who moved to the west after Civil War.
Term
Land Speculator
Definition
Person: buys land, sells for a higher price.
Term
Homestead Act
Definition
Law: Gave 160 acres of land to adult males if they uphold certain conditions [1862]
Term
Homestead Act
Definition
Law: Gave 160 acres of land to adult males if they uphold certain conditions [1862]
Term
Reservation
Definition
Federal land set aside for Native Americans
Term
Boomers
Definition
Settlers who ran in land races to claim Indian Territory
Term
Nomads
Definition
People who move their homes to follow food.
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Process where one culture merges into another
Term
Ghost Dance
Definition
Native American purification ritual
Term
Sooners
Definition
[1889] people who illegaly claimed land by sneaking past the government
Term
Great Plains
Definition
Vast grassland between the Mississippi River/Rocky Mountains
Term
Dawe's Act
Definition
[1877] law divided reservation land int private family lots.
Term
Long Drive
Definition
Moving of cattle from distant ranges to busy railroad centers that shipped cattle to market.
Term
Stereotype
Definition
Overexaggerated/Oversimplified description of reality held by a number of people.
Term
Dry-Farming
Definition
Techniques to raise crops in areas of little water.
Term
Bonanza Farm
Definition
Farm controlled by large buisnesses
Term
Placer Mining
Definition
Mining technique where miners shovel dirt into boxes and pour water over them to seperate the good from the bad.
Term
Turner Thesis
Definition
Theory: Jackson Turner's theory that the frontier played a big part in American Character.
Term
Soddie
Definition
Home whose walls were made from blocks of grass/roots/earth
Term
Homesteader
Definition
one who farmed claims under the Homestead Act
Term
Interstate Commerce Act
Definition
[1877] law passed to regulate railroad/interstate buisnesses
Term
Populist
Definition
Followers of the People's Party (Populist Party)
Term
Bimetalic Standard
Definition
Currency before 1873 gold/silver coins/US treasure notes used to trade for gold and silver
Term
Bland-Allison Act
Definition
[1891] Law: Federal Government purchased/coined more silver, causing inflation by money supply
Term
Cross of Gold Speech
Definition
William Jennys Bryan's speech (deomocratic convention)
Term
Monetary Policy
Definition
Fed. Gov. plan for makeup/quantity of the nations money supply
Term
Sherman Silver PUrchase ACt
Definition
Law: [1890] Increase amount of silver government had to purchase every month
Term
Free Silver
Definition
Unlimited coining of silver dollars
Term
Money Supply
Definition
Amount of money in national economy
Term
Deflation
Definition
Drop in prices
Term
The Grange
Definition
Organization [1867] helped farmers for cooperatives/pressured state legislatures to regulate buisness on which farmers depended
Term
Laissez-Faire
Definition
Doctrine, governemnt shouldn't interfere in private buisnessess
Term
Blue Law
Definition
Regulation that prohibited private activites that people thought were immoral.
Term
Munn v. Illinois
Definition
Supreme court decision [1877] allowed states to regulate certain buisnessess within their borders
Term
Civil Service
Definition
Governments non-elected workers
Term
Rebate
Definition
Partial Refund
Term
Subsidy
Definition
Payment made by government to encourage the developement of certain key industries
Term
Gilded Age
Definition
Mark Twain's word to describe post-reconstruction era
Term
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Definition
Law: [1883] Federal empolyees could not be required to contribute to campain funds or be fired for political reasons
Term
Ghetto
Definition
Area where one thnic group/racial group dominates
Term
Steerage
Definition
Large open area beneath a ships deck, used for traevling immigrants
Term
Pogrom
Definition
Violent massacre of Jews
Term
Gentlemen's Agreement
Definition
[1907] agreement: restricted Japanese migration
Term
Restrictive Covenant
Definition
AGreement" to not sell real estate so some people (Jews, African Americans)
Term
Quarantine
Definition
Time of isolation to prevent spread of disease
Term
Chinese Exclusion ACt
Definition
1882 Law: prevent chinese from entering the country (except for those who were there before this law)
Term
Alien
Definition
A noncitizen
Term
Suburb
Definition
Residential Community surrounding a city
Term
Dumbell Tenement
Definition
Tenement building that narrowed in the middle (for better ventalation)
Term
Political Machine
Definition
Group designed to keep a particular party/person in power, usually headed by a single boss.
Term
Graft
Definition
Use of one's job to gain profit (source of income for political machines)
Term
Tenement
Definition
Low-cost apartment, bad sanitation, held as many families as possible
Term
Vice
Definition
Immoral/corrupt behavior
Term
Sociology
Definition
Study of how people react w/ one another coined by Auguste Comte
Term
Temperance Movement
Definition
Compaing to eliminate alcohol consumption
Term
Prohibition
Definition
Ban of manufacturing/selling alcohol
Term
Nativism
Definition
Favoring native born Americans over immigrants
Term
Social Gospet Movement
Definition
Social reform movement that taught about Jesus
Term
Settlement house
Definition
Community center: provide various services to the urban poor
Term
Literacy
Definition
the ability to read and write
Term
Philanthropist
Definition
one who gives donations to charities
Term
niagra movement
Definition
Group: blacks, full civil liberties, no more racial discrimination, recognition of human brotherhood
Term
Vaudeville
Definition
Variety show [1870] consisting of comic sketches song/dance routines, magic acts
Term
yellow journalism
Definition
Sensational news coverage, emphasizing crim/scandal
Term
Ragtime
Definition
Music: shifting accents marching band beat, orginated with black musicians
Term
Segregation
Definition
Forced speration by race
Term
Grandfather Clause
Definition
Law that exempts a group of people from obeying the law b/c of certain conditions that were met before the law was made.
Term
Jim Crow
Definition
Satutes [1890s] required segregation of public services by race
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
Law: Legal segregation (seperate facilities, equal to both races)
Term
NAACP
Definition
Organization to abolish segregation. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
Term
Poll Tax
Definition
Fee to pay to vote
Term
Lynching
Definition
Murder without trial
Term
Rural Free Delivery (RFD)
Definition
Free delivery from the post office to rural farm families
Term
Mail-Order Catalog
Definition
Printed material; have wide range of things ordered by mail
Term
Department Stores
Definition
Large reatil establishment, sells in bulk
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