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Definition
| Lands that are politically controlled by a more powerful country that is far away |
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Definition
| Goods such a textiles are made at home by the whole family, on a small scale |
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Definition
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Definition
| When goods are made on a large scale using machinery |
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Definition
| Person who buys and sells goods for a profit |
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Definition
| Money made by a business/individual after all expenses have been paid |
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Term
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Definition
Between 1750-1850 the way people lived and earned money in Britain changed.
Farming economy moved to an industrial economy
People moved to urban areas
By 1851 21 million people in Britain
40% of labour worked in factories
Decline in farm labourers |
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Term
| Why Industrial Revolution occurred |
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Definition
Britain was a wealthy country
Profits from colonisation & transatlantic slave trade
Merchants invested in building machines & factories
Used money to start banks
Loaned money to entrepreneurs to invent machines and build factories
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Definition
| Person willing to take a risk to start a new business |
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Definition
| Treated badly at the expense of someone who gains something |
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Definition
Provided Britain with new markets for selling British products
Source of raw materials
Made Britain most powerful trading nation in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
Triangular
Britain, West Africa, West Indies/America
Traded goods for people
Sold to plantation owners for 5 x the price
Used money to buy alcohol, tobacco, sugar, coffee
Re-sold in Britain |
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Definition
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Definition
| Rented plots of land and supported themselves (mostly by making cloth in their homes) |
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Term
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Definition
3 fields per village
Crops rotated yearly
Each farmer had a strip in each field
Commons - where all farmers grazed their animal
Worked while population was small |
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Term
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Definition
| Combining sheep wool and straightening it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Necessary before Industrial Revolution occurred
1750 onwards population grew, more food needed
Open field system replaced with enclosures
Strips of land combined into one big piece of land
Landowners used machinery to farm
Common areas enclosed too
Labourers forced to move to town to find work in factories
Created the working class
Farming became more efficient to produce more food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cloth made from cotton, wool or silk |
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Term
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Definition
First industrial changes
More people needed more clothing
Export to Europe
Machines for spinning & weaving
Use of steam for production
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Term
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Definition
Invented steam engine in 1769
Burnt coal to heat water, turned into steam
Pressure of the steam powered machines
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Term
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Definition
Near coal supplies
First industrial centres developed near coalfields in Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| Machine used to weave threads into cloth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Production of large quantities of goods using machinery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in textile industry |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in the textile industry |
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Definition
Domestic → Factory
Hand/animals/water → Water/steam power
Cottages in country →Rural mills/urban mills/factories/coalfields
Small production →Mass production
Local markets →International markets
Traditional skills →Training to use machines |
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Term
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Definition
Slave trade
↓
Wealthy merchants
↓
Middle class
↓
Built, owned factories |
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Term
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Definition
Enclosures in farming
↓
Poor farmers forced to move to town
↓
Working class
AND
New inventions in textile industry
↓
Cottagers forced to move to town
↓
Working class |
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Term
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Definition
Capital
Banks
New Inventions
Steam Engine
Iron, coal, steel in large quantities
Factories for mass production
Transport - roads, canals, railways
Manufactured goods sold and exported |
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Term
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Definition
Move from rural areas to towns & cities
Rapid urbanisation
By 1850 half the population lived in urban areas
Poor living conditions for working class
Struggle to survive
Overcrowding, poor sanitation
Wealthy middle class had beautiful living conditions in big centres like London, Manchester & Birmingham |
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Term
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Definition
Wages were very low
Working class lived in poverty
No work →lived as paupers/beggars
Government created workhouses for them
Harsh conditions
Little food
Lived in misery |
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