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Brainstem Basic Anatomy and Relationships
N/A
39
Anatomy
Graduate
01/20/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the basic vital functions of the brainstem?
Definition
Control of respiration, heart rate, contains nuclei for cranial nerves, tracts between cerebellum and all caudal structures, and major connections for the cerebellum
Term
What are the major divisions of the brainstem?
Definition
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Term
What is the ventricular system of the brain?
Definition
Series of interconnected ependyma-lined cavities within the CNS
Term
What is contained within the ventricular system?
Definition
Cerebrospinalfluid
Term
What are the brainstem ventricular structures?
Definition
Cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain and the fourth ventricle between the pons/medulla and cerebellum
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid is primary secreted by what?
Definition
Choroid plexus
Term
Describe the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
Definition
Choroid plexus -> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> subarachnoid space via the foramena leading out the 4th ventricle
Term
What is the brainstem surface associated with the 4th ventricle?
Definition
Rhomboid fossa
Term
What are the surface markings of the rhomboid fossa?
Definition
Median sulcus and obex
Term
What is significant about the obex of the rhomboid fossa
Definition
Site of 4th ventricle closure and the beginning of the central canal of the spinal cord
Term
What are the boundaries of the midbrain?
Definition
Pons to the mammillary bodies of the diencephalon anteriorly, from the posterior commissure to the caudal inferior colliculus dorsally
Term
What are the tectum?
Definition
Two pairs of bumps on the midbrain, the superior and inferior colliculi
Term
What are the superior and inferior colliculi referred to collectively?
Definition
Quadrigeminal plate
Term
The superior colliculus is associated with which pathway?
Definition
Visual pathways via coordination of visual reflexes and control of eye movements
Term
The inferior colliculus performs what function?
Definition
Forms a relay station of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex, also coordinates auditory reflexes
Term
The cerebral aqueduct is the only path of communication between what structures?
Definition
3rd and 4th ventricle, common site of CSF blockage
Term
The midbrain contains nuclei for what cranial nerves? What are they associated with?
Definition
CN III and IV, modulate contraction of extraoccular muscles
Term
Where does CN III emerge from?
Definition
Interpeduncular fossa
Term
Where does CN IC emerge from?
Definition
Dorsally bellow the inferior colliculus
Term
What are the pons derived from?
Definition
Rhombencephalon
Term
What are the borders of the pons?
Definition
Ventrally between superior and inferior pontine sulcu, dorsally contributes to the floor of the 4th ventricle
Term
What is contained within the Pontine Tegmentum (dorsal pons)
Definition
Pontine cranial nerve nuclei V and part of the reticular formation (for consciousness). Forms floor of 4th ventricle
Term
What is contained within the Basilar pons (ventral pons)
Definition
Cortically derived axons (corticotubular, corticospinal, corticopontine), pontine nuclei, axonal projections of pontine nuclei to cerebellum (middle cerebellar peduncle)
Term
What cranial nerves are found in the pons?
Definition
CN V, VI, VII, part of VIII
Term
Where does CN V (trigeminal n.) emerge from the pons?
Definition
Substance of the pons - pons and middle cerebellar peduncle
Term
Where do CN VI, VII, and VIII emerge from the pons?
Definition
Pontomedullary junction (inferior pontine sulcus)
Term
What is the medulla derived from?
Definition
Rhombencephalon
Term
The medulla contains primary nuclei for what kind of autonomic control?
Definition
Respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and reticular formation with the spinal cord
Term
The upper medulla is structurally related to what?
Definition
Contains caudal half of 4th ventricle
Term
What are the various divisions of the medulla?
Definition
Upper medulla, obex, striae medullares, and inferior pontine sulcus, lower medulla with the central canal
Term
What structure is contained within the lower medulla?
Definition
Central canal
Term
What is contained within the pyramids of the medulla?
Definition
Coticospinal and corticobulbar axons cross over within the pyramidal tract
Term
Name the surface features of the medulla
Definition
Pyramids, olivary eminence, preolivary sulci, anterior median fissure, posterior median sulcus, gracile tubercle, cuneate tubercle
Term
What does the gracile tubercle receive innervation from?
Definition
Dorsal column innervation from leg at T6 down via the fasciculus gracilis
Term
What does the cuneate tubercle receive innervation from?
Definition
Dorsal column innervation from upper limp at T6 up via fasciculus cuneatus
Term
What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the medulla?
Definition
CN IX, X, XI, XII
Term
Where does CN IX and X emerge from?
Definition
Postolivary sulcus
Term
Where does CN XI emerge from?
Definition
Partly from the postolivary sulcus
Term
Where does CN XII emerge from?
Definition
Preolivary sulcus
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