Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Brain (some of it)
for 734 with Mancini
27
Anatomy
Graduate
01/18/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Amygdala
Definition
processing emotions and fear-learning
Term
Basal ganglia
Definition

regulate initiation of:

 

  • movements
  • balance
  • eye movements
  • posture 
Term
Brainstem
Definition
deep within the brain
Term
Broca's area
Definition
in left frontal lobe of 97% of humans

production of spoken & written language, language processing & comprehension
Term
Caudate nucleus
Definition
nucleus in basal ganglia

learning and memory and movement
Term
Cingulate gyrus
Definition
regulates emotions & pain

response to unpleasant experiences, fear, prediction/avoidance of negative consequenes
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus

regulation of autonomic nervous system
Term
Forebrain
Definition
prosencephalon

anterior part of brain

telencephalon (cerebrum, hippocampus, & olfactory lobes)
+
diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
Term
Frontal lobe(s)
Definition
part of cerebral cortex

largest of brain's structures

higher cognitive functions

prefrontal cortex, orbitalfrontal cortex, motor and premotor cortices, & Broca's area

attention & thought, voluntary movement, decision-making, & language
Term
Hindbrain
Definition
rhombencephalon

posterior part of brain, gives rise to cerebellum & branstem
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
memory formation & spatial navigation

esp. long-term and permanent memory
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition

wide range of behavioral & physiological activities

 

autonomic functions (hunger, thirst, body temp, & sexual activity)

 

integrates info from many parts of brain & responds to stimuli (light, odors, stress, & arousal)

Term
Limbic system
Definition
amygdala, hippocampus, & hypothalamus

processing & regulating emotions, memory, sexual arousal, response to stress
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
autonomic functions (blood pressure, respiration, & swallowing)
Term
Midbrain
Definition
mesencephalon, part of brain stem

movement, perception, & reward-processing
Term
Parietal lobes
Definition
integrating sensory info to build picture of world

integration of ventral & dorsal visual pathways, movement in response to environment, spatial perception (updated constantly), awareness of environment, object manipulation, & numbers
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
small bulb at base of brain, part of endocrine system

releases hormones such as corticotropins (ACTH) & endorphins
Term
Prefrontal cortex
Definition
higher brain functions

executive system (planning, reasoning, & judgment), personality & emotion, assessment/control of appropriate social behaviors
Term
Premotor cortex
Definition
narrow region between prefrontal & motor cortices

preparing & executing limb movements (using info from other cortical regions), learning (imitation), & social cognition (empathy)
Term
Temporal lobe
Definition
many substructures

perception, face recognition, object recognition, memory acquisition, understanding language, & emotional reactions
Term
Thalamus
Definition
relays info between cortex & brain stem and w/in cortical structures

perception, attention, timing & movement, alertness & awareness
Term
Ventricles
Definition
fluid-filled spaces, extensions of spinal cord

cushion against brain damage & serve as landmarks for locating other structures
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
language comprehension 97% of humans in left hemisphere & lateralized to left side
Term
Basal ganglia
Definition
link thalamus with motor cortex
Term
Basal ganglia
Definition

cognitive and emotional behaviors

 

  • reward and reinforcement
  • addictive behaviors
  • habit formation
Term
Brainstem
Definition
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • midbrain
Term
Brainstem
Definition

 autonomic functions

  • breathing
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure

+ reflexes

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