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Brain
Lecture Exam 2
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/12/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the four parts of the brain?
Definition

1. cerebrum

2. diencephalon

3. brain stem

4. cerebrum

Term
Name the parts of the brain stem.
Definition

1. Pons

2. Medulla

3. Midbrain

Term

 

 

Meninges

Definition

 

 

3 membranes around brain and spinal cord

Term

 

 

Function of meninges

Definition

1. cover protect CNS (central nervoussystem)

2. enclose, protect blood

3. contain CSF

 

 

Term

 

 

Name the 3 layers of the meninges

Definition

1. dura mater (external)

2. arachnoid mater(middle)

3. pia mater (internal)

Term

 

 

dura mater

Definition

 

 

the strongest layer of the meninges, made of fibrous CT tissue

Term

 

 

Name the 2 layers of dura mater.

Definition

 

 

1.  Peiosteal layer

2.  Meningeal layer

Term

 

 

Periosteal Layer

Definition

 

 

external/superficial layer of the dura mater

Term

 

 

Meningeal layer

Definition

 

 

Internal/deep layer of dura mater

Term

 

Falx Cerebri

Definition

 

verical partition between cerebral hemispheres that limits movement of the brain

Term

 

Falx Cerbelli

Definition

 

 

vertical partition between cerebellular hemispheres that limits movement of the brain

Term

 

 

Tentorium Cerebelli

Definition

 

 

horizontal partition between cerebrum and cerebellum that limits the movement of the brain

Term

 

 

Arachnoid mater

Definition

 

 

middle layer of meninges

Term

 

 

Subarachnoid space

Definition

 

 

area between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains most of CSF, blood vessels

Term



Arachnoid Villi (Granulations)

Definition


projections of arachnoid mater through dura into superior sagittal sinus, act as valves to help CSF pass into dural sinuses

Term

 

 

Pia mater

Definition

 

 

innermost layer of meninges

delicate highly vascular

clings directly to brain tissue, dips into convolutions

Term

 

 

Ventricles

Definition

 

expansion of brain's central cavity

lined with ependymal cells

filled with CSF

 

Term

 

 

lateral venticles (#1 & 2)

Definition

  ventricles found in the cerebral hemisphere

separated by Septum Pellucidum

Term

 

 

Septum Pellucidum

Definition

 

 

separates ventricles #1 & 2

Term

 

 

Third Ventricle

Definition

 

ventricle found in the diencephalon

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

Interventricular Foramen

Definition

 

 

connects the third ventricle to the lateral ventricles

Term

 

 

Fourth Ventricle

Definition

 

 

Found in the hindbrain

connects to the central canal of spinal cord and medulla

Term

 

Cerebral Aqueduct

 

Definition

 

connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Term

 

lateral (2) and medial (1) apertures

Definition

 

 

3 openings that connect the 4th ventricl to the subarachnoid space

Term

 

cerebral spinal fluid

Definition

 

 

liquid cushion for brain

nourishes brain

removes waste

conducts chemical signals between parts of CNS

forms as filtrate of blood in choroid plexuses

Term

 

Choroid Plexuses

Definition

 

 

groups of capillaries surrounded by ependymal cells

made of sodium, chloride ions, proteins, glucose, O2

Term

 

 

Flow of CSF

Definition

-formed in choroid plexuses

-through ventricles

-into subarachnoid space and central canal from 4th ventricle

-through acrachnoid villio into superior sagittal sinus

-into jugular vein 

Term

 

Cerebrum

Definition

*"Executive Suite" of nervous system

    - self awareness, initiate control voluntary movements, communicate, remember, understand

*most superior region

*covers diencephalon and top of brain stem (like mushroom cap)

 

 

 

Term

 

Transverse Fissure

Definition

 

 separates cerebral hemisphere & cerebellum

 

Term

 

Longitudinal Fissure

Definition

 

separates right & left cerebral hemispheres

Term

 

 

Sulci

Definition

 

 

surface grooves on cerebrum

Term

 

 

Gyri

Definition

 

ridges of brain tissue between the sulci of the cerebrum

Term

 

What are the 5 Cerebral (hemisphere) lobes?

Definition

-frontal

-parietal

-occipital

-temporal

-insula

 

 

Term

 

Corpus Callosum

Definition

 

the largest commissure between the hemispheres

Term

 

 

left cerebral hemisphere

 

Definition

 

language, mathematics and logic

Term

 

 

right cerebral hemisphere

Definition

 

visual-spatial, interpreting facial expressions, intuition, emotion, artistic/musical skills

Term

 

Diencephalon

Definition

 

surrounded by cerebral hemispheres

made of 3 paired structures

- thalamus

-hypothalamus

-epithalamus

Term

 

Thalamus

Definition

 

"gateway"

communicates sensory info of the cerebral cortex

Term

 

Hypothalamus

Definition

 

regulates many body activities

emotion sleep, memory, etc.

pituitary gland

-growth hormone

-thyroid stimula-

 ting hormone

Term

 

Epithalamus

Definition

 

Pineal gland

-melantonin

      -regulates sleep

Term

 

What are the structures of the brainstem?

Definition

 

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Term

 

Brainstem

Definition

 

passage of all signals between the spinal cord and brain

regulates basic physiological functions

innervation of head and neck

Term

 

Midbrain

Definition

 

brainstem structure 

visual and auditory reflex centers

somatic motor

attachment for CN III, IV

Term

 

Pons

Definition

 

brainstem structure 

contains many tracts carrying signals

Attachment for CN V, VI, VII, VIII

Term

 

Medulla Oblongata

Definition

 

brainstem structure

regulates several basic physiological functions (heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing)

attachment of CN IX, X, XI, XII

Term

 

Cerebellum

 

Definition

 

Smooths and coordinates body movements directed by other parts of the brain

Term

 

Functions of the cerebellum

Definition

 

-information on equilibrium

-movement of neck, trunk, limbs

-information from cerbral cortex

Term

 

Blood Brain Barrier

Definition

protects brain from blood-borne toxins (e.g. urea, food toxins, bacteria)

endothelium of brain capillaries are loaded with tight juction to decrease permeability

not complete protection, some things still have to pass through (e.g. fat -soluble molecules can pass through, some medications)

Term

 

 

Arteries

that supply blood to the brain

Definition

 

external carotid and branches

internal carotid and branches

vertebral arteries

Term

 

External carotid arteries and branches

Definition

 

tissues of head and face, skin, muscles

 

middle meningela artery = brain

-Boxers!

Term

 

Internal carotid arteries and branches

Definition

 

Opthalmic artery = eye & orbits

 

Anterior and Middle arteries = Cerebrum

 

Term

 

Vertebral Arteries

Definition

 

posterior brain

 

vertebrae and cervical spinal cord

 

branches from cerebral arterial circle = anastomosis

Term

 

Veins 

that supply blood to the brain

 

 

Definition

dural sinuses

internal jugular veins

external jugular

vertebral

Term

 

 

Dural sinuses

Definition

 

superior & inferior sagittal, transverse, sigmoid, straight, etc.

 

intracranial-receive blood from veins in brain, bring to internal jugular

Term

 

Internal Jugular vein

Definition

 

Receives blood from dural sinuses

 

drains brain

Term

 

External Jugual vein

Definition

 

 

drains from scalp and face (superficial)

Term

 

Vertebral vein

Definition

 

drains cervical vertebrae, cervical spinal cord, small neck muscles

Term

 

Sensory nerves

Definition

afferent

send nervous impulse from sensory receptors to brain to bring in information

e.g. pressure, temperature, pain

Term

 

Motor nerves

Definition

efferent

send nervous impulse from brain to body to accomplish an action

e.g. movement of a muscle, activation of a gland

Term

 

Visceral sensory

Definition

sensory innervation of viscera

 

-stretch, pain, temp., chemical changes, irritation in viscera

- special:  taste

Term

 

 

Somatic sensory

Definition

sensory innervation of outer part body

 

- touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temp. in skin, body wall, limbs

- special:  hearing, equilibrium, vision, smell

Term

 

 

Visceral motor

Definition

motor innervation muscle in viscera & glands

 

-innervation of smooth & cardiac muscle, glands

Term

 

Somatic motor

Definition

motor innervation of skeletal muscle

 

-innervation of skeletal muscles except for pharyngeal arch muscle

Term

 

 

Branchial motor

Definition

motor innervation of pharyngeal arch muscle

 

-facial expression, pharyngeal constrictors, suprhyoid, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

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