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Brain
anatomy
70
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/30/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Types of Neurons
Definition

Bipolar

Unipolar

Multipolar

Pyrimidal Cell

Term
Bipolar Neuron
Definition

A single axon and dendrite arise at opposite poles of the cell body.

 

Found only in sensory neurons, such as in the retina, olfactory and auditory systems.

Term
Unipolar Neuron
Definition

Presence of only a single axon, branching at the terminal end.

 

True unipolar neurons not found in adult human; common in human embryos and invertebrates

Term
Multipolar Neuron
Definition

Multiple dendritic processes, one axon

 

Most numerous and common cell type in the body, found in brain, peripheral autonomic nervous system and spinal cord.

Term
Pyramidal Cell
Definition

Location Cortex esp. Layers III and V

 

Function excitatory projection neuron

Term
Cerebrum
Definition

conscious thought processes

intellectual functions

Memory storage and processing

Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

Term
Thalamus
Definition

Found in the Diencephalon

 

Relay and processing centers for sensory information

Term
hypothalamus
Definition

Found in the diencephalon

 

Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production

Term
Mesencephalon
Definition

Processing of visual and auditory data

 

Generation of reflexive somatic motor responses

 

Maintenance of consciousness

Term
Pons
Definition

Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus

 

Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition

Relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem

 

Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function

(cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)

Term
Cerebellum
Definition

Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns

 

Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord

Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Conscious control of skeletal muscles
Term
Parietal Lobe
Definition
Conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
Conscious perception of visual stimuli
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli
Term
All lobes
Definition
Integration and prcessing of sensory data, prcessing and initiation of motor activities
Term
Thalamus - Anterior Group
Definition
Part of the limbic system
Term
thalamus - Medial Group
Definition
Integrates sensory information and other data arriving at the thalamus and hypothalamus for projection of the frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
Term
Thalamus - Ventral group
Definition
Projects sensory information to the primary sensory cortex of the parietal lobe relays information from cerebelium and basal nuclei to motor areas of cerebral cortex
Term
Thalamus - Posterior Group - Pulvinar
Definition
Integrates sensory information for projection to assocation areas of cerebral cortex
Term
Thalamus - Posterior Group - Lateral geniculate
Definition
Projects visual information to the visual cortex of occipital lobe
Term
Thalamus - posterior Group - Medial Geniculate nuclei
Definition
Project auditory information to the auditory cortex of temporal lobe
Term
Thalamus - Lateral Group
Definition
Form feedback loops involving the cingulate gyrus (emotional state) and the parietal lobe (integration of sensory information)
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition

Controls autonomic functions

sets appetitive drives (thirst, hunger, sexual drive) and behaviors

set emotional states (with limbic system) integrates with endocrine system

Term
Hypothalamus - Supraoptic nucleus
Definition
Secretes antidiuretic hormone, restricting water loss at the kidneys
Term
Hypothalamus - Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Definition
Regulates daily (circadian), rythms
Term
Hypothalamus - Paraventricular nucleus
Definition
Secretes oxytocin, stimulating smooth muscle
Term
Hypothalamus - Preoptic area
Definition
Regulated body temperature via control of autonomic centers in the medulla oblongata
Term
Hypothalamus - Tuberal area
Definition
Produces inhibitory and releasing hormones that control endocrine cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Term
Hypothalamus - Autonomic centers
Definition
Control heart rate and blood pressure via regulation of automomic centers in the medulla oblongata
Term
Hypothalamus - Mamillary bodies
Definition
control feeding reflexes (licking, swallowing etc)
Term
Brain - Anterior
Definition
rostral - towards the nose
Term
Brain - Posterior
Definition
caudal - toward the tail
Term
Prosencephalon
Definition
forebrain
Term
Mesencephalon
Definition
midbrain
Term
rhomencephalon
Definition
hindbrain
Term
Telencephalon
Definition
cerebrum
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithlalmus
Term
ganglion
Definition
Cluster of neuron cell boides within the PNS
Term
Center
Definition
Group of CNS neuron cell bodies with a common function
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Center that displays discrete anatomic boundaries
Term
Nerve
Definition
Axon bundle extending through the PNS
Term
Nerve Plexus
Definition
Network of nerves
Term
Tract
Definition
CNS axon bundle in which the axons have a similar function and share a common origin and destination
Term
Funiculus
Definition
Group of tracts in a specific area of the spinal cord
Term
Pathway
Definition
Centers and tracts that connect the CNS with body organs and systems
Term
Gray Matter
Definition
houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria and unmyelinated axons
Term
White matter
Definition
derives its color from the myelin in the myelinated axons.
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Definition

Protection

Buoyancy

Environmental stability

Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Definition

Protection

Buoyancy

Environmental stability

Term
Insula
Definition
Interpretation of taste, memmory
Term
CNS Disease's
Definition
Parkinson's Disease
Dopaminergic neurons destroyed causing defects in movement and muscle control
Term
The _______ is the outermost meninx, and forms supportive and protective partitions between some portions of the brain
Definition
dura matter
Term
The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brian?
Definition
cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblangata
Term
The portion of the brain involved in understanding speech and using words is located in the ____________ of teh cerebrum
Definition
Parietal lobe
Term
When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of teh cerebrum is involved?
Definition
frontal lobe
Term
The ___________ is a portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous systems together
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
The connective tissue closest to the single neuron is the
Definition
endoneurium
Term
Parkinson disease tremors are the result of
Definition
dopamine deficiency
Term
The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the
Definition
cerebral adqueduct
Term
The centers that control vital visceral activities are located within the _______ area of the brain
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area
Definition
Pons
Term
Where are visual and auditory reflexes centered
Definition
midbrain
Term
Which area acts to regulate body temperature
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data except for smell
Definition
thalamus
Term
Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area?
Definition
limbic system
Term
Which brain area coordinates skeletal muscle movements
Definition
cerebellum
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