Shared Flashcard Set

Details

brain thru spinal nerves
exam 2
110
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Describe the primary function

 

a.  Medulla oblongata

 

b.  Pons

 

c.  Midbrain

 

i.  superior colliculi

 

ii.  inferior colliculi

Definition

a.  Medulla Oblongata=cardiac center/vasomotor/respiratory, reflexes, sneezing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting

 

b.  Pons=Relay signals for voluntary movement to cerebellum.  Helps control breathing

 

c.  Midbrain=

i.  superior colliculi, visual tracking,pupillary and accomadation

ii.  inferior colliculi=auditory pathway and startle reflex

Term

Describe the primary function

 

d.  Reticular formation and the RAS

 

e.  Cerebellum

 

f.  thalamus

Definition

d.  Reticular formation and the RAS=sensory and motor functions.  Arousal and consciousness.  damage=coma.  This is also helpful in pain modulation

 

e.  Cerebellum=Cerebral peduncles are here.  This is helpful with smooth coordinated movements, it helps maintain balance and posture

 

f.  Thalmus=Relay station for most sensory impulses.  Relays info. between different areas of the cerebrum

Term

Describe the primary function of

 

g.  Hypothalmus

Definition

Hypothalmus=

 

1.  controls ANS

 

2.  produces hormones and controls pituitary gland

 

3.  regulates hunger and thirst

 

4.  regulates circadian rhythms and consciousness

 

5.  regulates emotional and behavioral patterns, anger, aggression, fear, pleasure, and sex drive

 

6.  controls thermoregulation

Term

Describe the primary functions

 

h.  Limbic system

i.  amygdala

ii.  hippocampus

Definition

Limbic system=emotional brain

 

i.  Amygdala=emotion

ii.  Hippocampus=memory

Term

Describe the location

 

1.  Longitudinal fissure

 

2.  Corpus callosum

 

3.  Lateral sulcus

 

4.  Central sulcus

Definition

1.  Longitudinal fissure=separate the central hemispheres

 

2.  Corpus callosum=connects cerebral hemispheres

 

3.  Lateral sulcus=separates frontal antd temporal lobe

 

4.  Central sulcus=separates frontal and parietal lobe

Term
Where is gray matter found in the cerebrum?
Definition
cerebral cortex
Term

 

 

 

 

What is the function of basal ganglia(nuclei)?

 

caudate nucleus

 

globus pallidus

 

putamen

Definition
Motor control and initiation of movements
Term
Where is white matter located in the cerbrum?
Definition

a.  projection tracts = that run up and down the spinal cord

 

b.  commisural tracts=cross hemispheres and connect 2 hemishperes in the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior commisures are anterior and posterior to this

 

c.  association tracts=connects within a hemisphere

Term

Describe the cortical location and primary function

 

a.  primary somatosensory area

 

b.  somatosensory association area

Definition

s.  location=Post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe.  function=1.  touch 2.  pressure 3.  proprioception 4.  temperature 5.  itch 6.  pain The impulses received here are contralateral.  The exact location of the sensation comes from the primary somatosensory cortex

 

b.  location=Post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe.  function=integrate and interpret information 1.  position of limbs 2.  location of touch, pain 3.  determination of weight, texture, shape 4.  Stores memories of sensation

Term

Describe the cortical location and primary function

 

c.  olfaction

 

d.  gustatory

Definition

c.  location=medial aspect of temporal lobe.  function=smell

 

d.  location=Post-central gyrus.  function=taste

Term

Describe the cortical and primary function of

 

e.  visual area

 

f.  visual association area

Definition

e.  location=far back of occipital.  function=Determining shape, color, and movement

 

f.  location=occipital lobe  function=Recognition of visual stimuli, relates present and past experiences

Term

Describe the cortical location and primary function of

 

g.  auditory and association area

 

h.  primary motor area

Definition

g.  location=temporal lobe  function=ability to recognize speech, music and noise

 

auditory is the superior part of the temporal lobe, it interprets sounds heard, pitch and rhythm

 

h.  location=Pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe.  function=voluntary contralateral muscle movements.  More cortical area for decilate movements like thumbs, fingers, and lips

Term

Describe the cortical location and primary function

 

i.  premotor cortex

 

j.  Brocca's area

i.  associated area in rt hemisphere

Definition

i.  location=Pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe

function=voluntary contralateral specialized movements

 

j.  location=left frontal lobe

function=speech

i.  Rt hemisphere=emotional language

lesions=emotionless speech

Term

Describe cortical location and primary function of

 

k.  Wernicke's area

i.  associated in right hemisphere

Definition

k.  location=left temporal and parietal lobes

function=ability to recognize and interpret the meaning of speech

 

i.  location=rt. hemisphere

function=recognizes emotional speech

lesions=inability to read a person's emotions

Term
define aphasia
Definition
aphasia=inability to speak or comprehend speech
Term

What causes

 

a.  cerebral palsy

 

b.  epilepsy

 

c.  CVA

Definition

a.  damage to the motor during fetal development

 

b.  seizure, motor convulsions and firing of neurons when they shouldn't

 

c.  loss of blood flow to part of the brain

ischemia=Loss of O2 to the brain, a.k.a. a stroke.  There is loss of motor control here

Term
What does an EEG measure?
Definition
electical activity produced by the brain
Term
What connects the hemishperes?
Definition
myelinated white axons called the corpus callosum
Term

T or F

 

Regulation of temperature is part of the hypothalmus

Definition
F
Term

T or F

 

Regulation of food intake is a function of the hypothalmus

Definition
T
Term

T or F

 

The heart of the limbic system is the medulla oblongata

Definition
F
Term

T or F

 

The limbic system is part of our emotional brain

Definition
T
Term

T or F

 

The left cerebral hemisphere is mainly involved with visual spatial skills

Definition
F
Term

T or F

 

The CSF is produced in the epithalmus

Definition
T the choroid plexus which lies there
Term

T or F

 

The basal nuclei are directly connected to motor pathways

Definition
T
Term

T or F

 

The amygdala is part of the limbic system

Definition
T
Term
Each of the primary sensory areas of the brain has an associan area where integration takes place
Definition
T
Term

All of the following are attributed to the amygdala except

 

1.  assesment of danger

 

2.  recognition of fear

 

3.  resolving mental conflict

 

4.  eliciting the fear response

Definition
3
Term

Which of the following is not due to impairment in the function of the hypothalamus

 

1.  obesity

 

2.  inability to coordinate fine motor skills

 

3.  sleep disorders

 

4.  failure to thrive

Definition
2
Term

Which is considered the gateway to the cerebral cortex

 

1.  the pons

 

2.  the thalamus

 

3.  the hypothalamus

 

4.  the limbic system

Definition
2
Term

The cerebral cortex has all of the following features except

 

1.  its convoluted surface triples its surface

 

2.  it accounts for 40% of the brain mass

 

3.  it is composed of white matter

 

4.  it is arranged in six layers

Definition
3
Term

Which of the following separates the cerebral hemisphere 

1.  transverse fissure

 

2.  septum pellucidum

 

3.  central sulcus

 

4.  longitudinal fissure

Definition
4
Term

Which part of the brain is involved in thirst

 

1.  cerebral cortex

 

2.  cerebellum

 

3.  pons

 

4.  hypothalamus

 

5.  temporal lobe

Definition
4
Term

Which of the following is the autonomic control center?

 

1.  pons

 

2.  hypothalamus

 

3.  midbrain

 

4.  diencephalon

 

5.  medulla oblongata

Definition
2
Term

Which about the prefrontal cortex is incorrect?

 

1.  it occupies the posterior portion of the frontal lobe

 

2.  it is the most complicated region

 

3.  it is not fully mature in children

 

4.  it is involved with cognitive abilities 

 

Definition
1
Term

Which is not part of the basal nuclei?

 

1.  corpus callosum

 

2.  caudate nucleus

 

3.  amygdala

 

4.  globus pallidum

Definition
3
Term

What is not composed of white matter?

 

1.  internal capsule

 

2.  fornix

 

3.  corpus callosum

 

4.  putamen

 

5.  projection fibers

Definition
4
Term

What is a function of the basal ganglia?

 

1.  thermoregulation

 

2.  determining if a person is right or left handed

 

3.  connecting corresponding areas of the cerebral cortex to enable them to function as a whole

 

4.  starting, stopping, and monitoring gait and arm swinging

Definition
4
Term

Which is not in the hypothalamus?

 

1.  autonomic control center

 

2.  food intake regulation

 

3.  body temperature regulation center

 

4.  central balance

 

5.  sleep-wake cycles

Definition
4
Term

Which maintains homeostasis?

 

1.  cerebral cortex

 

2.  medulla oblongata

 

3.  pons

 

4.  cerebellum

 

5.  hypothalamus

Definition
5
Term

Which of the following areas of the brain can be considered the gateway to the cerebral cortex?

 

1.  cerebellum

 

2.  pons

 

3.  basal nuclei

 

4.  hypothalamus

 

5.  thalamus

Definition
5
Term

Which of the following is not involved in speech processing?

 

1.  superior colliculi

 

2.  Wernicke's area

 

3.  lateral prefrontal cortex

 

4.  Brocca's area

Definition
1
Term

Which of the following is a function of the pons

 

1.  contains nuclei that relays information from the cerebrum to the creebellum

 

2.  contols vomiting

 

3.  thermoregulation

 

4.  nucleus for the abducens nerve

 

5.  provides motor signals to the dred nucleus

Definition
1
Term

Melatonin is produced by the

 

1.  pineal gland

 

2.  choroid plexus

 

3.  hypothalamus

 

4.  meninges

 

5.  pituitary

Definition
1
Term

In which of the following does sorting and editing of impulses take place?

 

1.  basal nuclei

 

2.  hypothalamus

 

3.  prefrontal cortex

 

4.  thalamic nuclei

 

5.  post central cortex

Definition
4
Term

matching

 

1.  corpus callosum   a.  commisure

 

2.  internal capusule  b.  projection

 

3.  basal nuclei  c.  outer gray matter

 

4.  cerebral cortex  d.  central gray matter

Definition

1-a

 

2-b

 

3-d

 

4-c

Term

1.  thalamus  a.  controls visual reflesex that control hand and eye movement

 

2.  hypothalamus  b.  sorts and edits information from the sensory area

 

3.  epithalamus  c.  the main visceral control enter

 

4.  midbrain  d.  cardiovascular, respiratory and sneezing

 

5.  pons  e.  pneumonotaxic

 

6.  medulla  f.  pineal gland melatonin

Definition

1-b

 

2-c

 

3-f

 

4-a

 

5-e

 

6-d

Term

1.  commisural fibers  a.  connect different parts of the same hemisphere

 

2.  association fibers  b.  our conscious mind

 

3.  projection fibers  c.  starts and stops movements

 

4.  basal nuclei  d.  enters the hemispheres from our lower brain or cord centers

 

5.  cerebral cortex  e.  connect gray areas of the two hemispheres

Definition

1-e

 

2-a

 

3-d

 

4-c

 

5-b

Term

1.  cerebellum  a.  includes prefrontal cortex, posterior association areas and limbic association areas

 

2.  limbic  b.  keeps the prefrontal cortex cortex alert and conscious

 

3.  reticular formation  c.  allows smooth and coordinated movements and agility

 

4.  reticular formation  c.  allows smooth and coordinated movements and agility

 

5.  multmodal association  d.  integrates sensory information with emotional response

Definition

1-c

 

2-d

 

3-b

 

4-a

Term

Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are

 

a.  association tracts

 

b.  commisures

 

c.  projection tracts

Definition
a
Term

The primary cortex, Brocca's area, and the premotor area are located in which lobe

 

a.  frontal

 

b.  parietal

 

c.  temporal

 

d.  occipital

Definition
a
Term
What are the cranial nerves for the medulla oblongata
Definition
IX,X,XI,XII
Term
Where the pyramids located?
Definition
They are myelinated motor tracts that lie on top of the medulla oblongata
Term
What are the parts for the midbrain? 5
Definition

a.  cerebral aqueduct

 

b.  tracts=cerebral peduncles

 

c.  superior colliculi=visual tracking, pupillary and accomodation reflexes

 

d.  inferior colliculi=auditory pathway and startle reflex

 

e.  nuclei for cranial nevrves 111, 1V

Term
What are the parts of the diencephalon?
Definition

1.  thalamus

 

2.  hypothalamus

 

3.  epithalamus

Term
What are the parts of the cerebrum? 6
Definition

1.  cerebral hemispheres

 

2.  cerebral cortex

 

3.  central sulcus

 

4.  lateral cerebral sulcus

 

5.  parieto-occipital sulcus

 

6.  white matter of the cerebrum

 

3 parts

 

a.  projection tracts

 

b.  commissural tracts

 

c.  association tracts

Term
What are the sensory association areas? 4
Definition

1.  visual

 

2.  auditory

 

3.  Wernicke's

 

4.  somatosensory

Term
What is the overall function of a reflex?
Definition
protection
Term
Describe and list the components of a reflex  arc 5 of the them
Definition

1.  There is a sensory receptor here

 

2.  There is a sensory neouron here, it synapses in the dorsal root ganglion

 

3.  There is an integrating center 

 

monosynaptic=sensory motor neurons

 

polysynaptic=sensory interneurons synapsing with motor neurons

 

4.  Motor neurons send impulses thru the ventral root of the spinal cord to an effector

 

5.  There is an effector

Term
What is a somatic reflex?
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
What is a visceral reflex?
Definition
smooth or cardiac muscle or gland
Term

What are the following types of somatic reflexes

 

a.  stretch

 

b.  flexor

 

c.  crossed extensor

 

d.  Which is monosynaptic
?  polysynaptic?

 

e.  Which affects the contralateral?  ipsilateral?

Definition

a.  monosynaptic, patellar, prevents overstretching of a muscle

 

b.  prevents excessive force on a muscle, monosynaptic

 

c.  polysynaptic, ipsilataleral, contracts muscle, causing flexion and prevents injury

 

d. polysynaptic, contralateral, maintains balance 

Term
Are somatic spinal reflexes voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
involuntary
Term
Are cranial nerves part of the CNS?
Definition
no
Term
How many spinal nerves are there?
Definition

31

 

8-C

 

12-T

 

5-L

 

5-S

 

1-coccygeal

Term
Describe a spinal nerve
Definition

Emerges thru intervertebral foramen

 

Contains both afferent and efferent axons before they split

Term
Describe a nerve plexus
Definition
Network of axons from spinal nerve branches
Term

Describe the following nerve plexuses:

 

a.  cervical

 

i.  phrenic

 

b.  brachial

 

i.  radial

 

c.  lumbosacral

 

i.  sciatic nerve

Definition

a.  Innervate skin and muscles of head, neck, shoulder and chest

 

i.  phrenic innervates the diaphragm

 

b.  Innervates upper arm, shoulder and neck

 

i.  radial supplies lateral aspect of forearm

 

c.  Begins at hip and runs the length of the thigh

 

i.  sciatic involves shooting pain along the posterior lateral side of thigh

Term

1.  the diaphragm

 

2.  anterior muscles that flex the forearm

 

3.  muscles that flex the wrist and digits

 

4.  muscles that extend the digits

 

5.  muscles of the posterior leg

 

 

a.  brachial

 

b.  cervical

 

c.  lumbar

 

d.  sacral

Definition

1-B

 

2-A

 

3-A

 

4-A

 

5-D

Term

Reflexes are classified functionally as autonomic reflexes if they activate skeletal muscle

 

 

true or false

Definition
false
Term

true or false

 

The cranial nerves serve structures only in the head or neck

Definition
f
Term

true or false

 

Nerves are either sensory or motor but Not both

Definition
f
Term

Which doesn't arise from the brachial plexus

 

1.  musculocutaneous nerve

 

2.  phrenic nerve

 

3.  axillary nerve

 

4.  radial nerve

 

5.  ulnar

Definition
2
Term

Which is Not a nerve plexus?

 

1.  lumbar

 

2.  sacral

 

3.  cervical

 

4.  brachial

 

5.  thoracic rami

Definition
5
Term

Which helps maintain balance?

 

1.  superficial reflexes

 

2.  withdrawal reflexes

 

3.  tendon reflexes

 

4.  cross extensor reflexes

 

5.  flexor

Definition
4
Term

The muscle fiber that to efferent impulses is known as

 

1.  motor neuron

 

2.  sensory neuron

 

3.  receptor

 

4.  integration center

 

5.  effector

Definition
5
Term

When you move your finger what part of your brain would not be active?

 

1.  hypothalamus

 

2.  cerebral cortex

 

3.  basal nuclei

 

4.  cerebellum

Definition
1
Term

What doesn't receive sensory information from the cervical plexus?

 

1.  the face

 

2.  the ear

 

3.  the neck

 

4.  the shoulder

 

5.  the back of the head

Definition
1
Term

1.  stretch reflexes

 

2.  flexor reflexes

 

3.  tendon reflexes

 

4.  cross extensor reflexes

 

B.  Stretched and excited by external force or by activatin motor neurons, causing muscles to contract

 

C.  Initiated by a painful stimulus that causes automic withdrawal

 

D.  Important in maintaining balance

 

E.  Causes lengthening and relaxation

Definition

1-B

 

2-C

 

3-E

 

4-D

Term

1.  receptor

 

2.  sensory neuron

 

3.  integration center

 

4.  motor neuron

 

5.  effector

 

A.  conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ

 

B.  Site of stimulus action

 

C.  muscle fiber responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting

 

D.  In simple reflex arcs, may be a single synapse between a sensory and motor neuron aor have multiple synapses with chains of neurons

 

E.  Transmits afferent impulses to the CNS

Definition

1-B

 

2-E

 

3-D

 

4-A

 

5-C

Term

Something is crawling on your arm causing a tickling sensation.  You are aware of this sensation because impulses are being relayed to neurons in the:

 

a.  Pre-central gyrus

 

b.  Post-central gyrus

 

c.  Frontal lobe

 

d.  Temporal lobe

Definition
b
Term

Broca's area:

a.  is involved in the production of speech

 

b.  is located in the occipital lobe

 

c.  is involved in the comprehension of speech

 

d.  is involved in olfaction 

 

Definition
a
Term

Grandma Lucy suffered a stroke and is unable to move her right arm.  Which lobe of Grandma Lucy's brain is most likely affected?

 

a.  frontal

 

b.  temporal

 

c.  parietal

 

d.  occipital

Definition
a
Term

the basal ganglia are white fiber tracts that relay motor impulses within the cerebrum

 

t or f

Definition
f
Term

You know that you are holding an object, but you cannot tell that it is a small, smooth, round ball.  Whic part of the brain is most likely afected?

 

a.  Pre-frontal cortex

 

b.  Superior colliculi

 

c.  Somatosensory association area

 

d.  Wernicke's area

Definition
c
Term

Clare was startled and she turned around wuickly to see what it was.  This starlte reflex was controlled by the:

 

a.  thalamus

 

b.  medulla oblongata

 

c.  inferior colliculi

 

d.  reticular formation

Definition
c
Term

Logan came down with a cold causing him to sneeze and cough a lot.  Which part of Logan's brain is responsible for controlling the sneezing and coughing?

 

a. hypothalamus

 

b.  medulla oblongata

 

c.  primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex

 

d.  limbic system

Definition
b
Term

Visual impulses MUST travel through the _____ before being routed to the occipital lobe:

 

a.  Pons

 

b.  Somatosensory association area of the cerebral cortex

 

c.  Thalamus

 

d.  Hypothalamus

Definition
c
Term

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hyupothalamus?

 

a.  Regulation of food intake (hunger)

 

b. Control of the pituiary gland

 

c. Regulation of body tempaerature

 

d.  Regulation of skeletal muscle movements 

Definition
d
Term

Which of the following is part of the limbic system?

 

a.  Amygdala

 

b.  Pineal gland

 

c.  Hippocampus

 

d.  All of the above

 

e.  Only a and c

Definition
e
Term
What causes shingles?
Definition
A herpes zoster virus which lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglion.  A band of blisters follow dermatomes
Term
What are dermatomes?
Definition
skin maps
Term

What isw the primary function of each cranial nerve?

 

a.  What would happen if the cranial nerve were damaged?

 

i.  List any conditions associated with the cranial nerves

Definition

1.  olfactory (S)=loss of smell

 

2.  optic  (S)=Loss of vision

 

3.  oculomotor (M)=Loss of eye movement and pupil constriction

 

4.trochlear (B)=Inability to rotate eyes

 

5.  trigeminal (B)=Inabilty to chew or feel face sensations

 

6. abducens (M)=Loss of lateral eye rotation

 

7.  facial (B)=Loss of facial expression, tear glands, nasal glands, salivary glands and taste buds

 

8.  auditory (S)=Loss of hearing and balance

 

9.  glossopharyngeal (B)=Inability to swallow or gag or speak

 

10.  vagus (B)=fatal if both nerves are damaged

 

11.  spinal accessory (M)=Inability to move head or neck

 

12.  hypoglossal (M)=speech problems

 

 

 

 

 

Term
What are the cranial nerves in the medulla?
Definition

1X, X, X1, X11

Term
What are the cranial nerves in the Pons?
Definition
V, V1, V11, V111
Term
What cranial nerves are in the midbrain?
Definition
111, 1V
Term
What are the oculomotor nerves responsible for?
Definition

extrinsic eye muscles-sketal muscles/iris, eye movements and opening eyelid

 

intrinsic eye muscles-pupil constriction and lens adjustment

Term
What cranial nerve is the trochlear, what does it do?
Definition
V, rotates eye down and laterally
Term
What does the trigeminal nerve do?  What cranial nerve is it?
Definition
sensations in face, chewing, innervates masseter
Term
What the abducens do?  What cranial nerve is it?
Definition
rotates eye laterally V1
Term
What is the glossopharngeal nerve resposible for?  What cranial nerve is it?
Definition
taste and swallowing,  1X
Term
What is the vagus nerve responsible for?  What cranial nerve is it?
Definition
pulmonary, cardiovascular, GI regulation, swallowing, taste, speech, hunger, fullness, and discomfort X
Term
What is the spinal accessory nerve responsible for?  What cranial nerve is it?
Definition
swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements X1
Term
What is the hypoglossal nerve responsible for?  What nerve is it?
Definition
tongue movements, speech, food manipulation, and swallowing  X11
Term
What is the largest cranial nerve?  What are the branches of this nerve?
Definition
trigeminal, opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular
Term
What contains cranial nerves 1X, X, X1, X11
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
What contains cranial nerves V, V1, V11, V111?
Definition
pons
Term
What contains cranial nerves 111, 1V?
Definition
midbrain
Term
What contains cranial nerves for smell?
Definition
cranial nerve 1
Term
What nerves do what?
Definition

(1) sensory impulses for smell

 

(11)  sensory impulses for vision

 

(111)  Extrinsic eye muscles- eye movements and opening eyelid

 

Intrinsic eye muscles-pupil constriction and lens adjustment

 

(1V)  Rotates eye down and laterally

 

(V)  Largest cranial nerve, opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches  Mixed nerve, sensations in face, chewing, dental anesthesia

 

(V1) Rotates laterally

 

(V11)  Mixed nerve facial expression, tear glands, nasal glands, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands sense of taste

 

(V111) Hearing (cochlear) and equilibrium (vestibular)

 

(1X)  Swallowing, salivating (parotid salivary gland)  gagging sensaioins from tongue/pharynx sensations from outer ear

 

(X)  Pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal regulation parasympathetic

 

(X1)  Swallowing, head, neck and shoulder movements

 

(X11)  Tongue movements, speech, food manipulation, swallowing

 

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!