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Brain Dissection Glossary
Parts of the Brain
26
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/21/2011

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Term
Arachnoid Mater
Definition
Middle of three layers (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Controls balance and muscle coordination; located inferior to the cerebrum
Term
Cerebral Aqueduct
Definition
Channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles and containing cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Two hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure; largest portion of the mammalian brain
Term
Choroids Plexus
Definition
Network of capillaries located in the roof of ventricles; contributes to production of cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
Large band of nervous tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
Term
Cortex
Definition
Outer portion of the cerebrum
Term
Cranial Nerves
Definition
Twelve pairs of nerves that leave the brain
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Region of the brain made up of the thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
Tough connective tissue layer that serves as the outer layer of the meninges
Term
Gray Matter
Definition
Areas of the brain and spinal cord containing cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons; found in the cerebral cortex of the brain and inner portion of the spinal cord
Term
Gyri (Gyrus)
Definition
the folds of the cerebral cortex
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
A region below the lateral ventricles; involved with emotional states and converting short-term memory to long-term memory
Term
Hypophysis
Definition
Pituitary gland; controls a number of endocrine glands
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Part of the diencephalon; inferior to the thalamus and responsible for regulation and maintenance of internal homeostasis by controlling body temperature, appetite, fluid balance, etc.
Term
Medulla
Definition
The most inferior portion of the brain stem; contains centers for heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Contains reflex centers controlling coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, etc.
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Between the pons and the diencephalon
Term
Olfactory Bulb
Definition
Contains cell bodies of neruons that synapse with neurons of the olfactory nerves
Term
Optic Chiasma
Definition
Crossing point of the optic nerves
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
Innermost of the meninges layers
Term
Pineal Body
Definition
Endocrine gland located in the roof of the third ventricle; secretes melatonin
Term
Pons
Definition
Anterior to the medulla; contains nerve tracts that connect the cerebellum with other parts of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Sulci
Definition
Grooves between gyri of the brain
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Part of the diencephalon, superior to the hypothalamus; serves as a sensory relay center. Most sensory nerves enter it and their impulses are sent to the appropriate cerebral region
Term
Ventricle
Definition
one of four cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Term
White Matter
Definition
Bundles of myelinated axons within the brain and spinal cord; found in the inner portions of the cerebrum and outer regions of the spinal cord
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