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Brain and Brain Stem
Stuff
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/20/2015

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Cards

Term
Failure of the neural tube to close at the top is known as what?
Definition
Anacephaly
Term
Failure of the neural tube to close at the bottom is known as what?
Definition
Spina bifida
Term
This is one of the three primitive subdivisions of the brain
Definition
Prosencephalon
Term
This is one of the three primitive subdivisions of the brain
Definition
Mesencephalon
Term
This is one of the three primitive subdivisions of the brain
Definition
Rhombencephalon
Term
The cerebrum and diencephalon come from this division of the brain
Definition
Forebrain
Term
The thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus all make up this subdivision of prosencephalon
Definition
Diencephalon
Term
The pons, cerebellum, and medulla come from this division of the brain
Definition
Hindbrain
Term
The cerebral hemispheres (olfactory system, corpus striatum, cortex white, and grey matter) all make up this subdivision of prosencephalon
Definition
Telencephalon
Term
The midbrain (tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles) is made up of this tissue
Definition
Mesencephalon
Term
The hindbrain is made from this tissue
Definition
Rhombencephalon
Term
What fraction of the cortex is "hidden"?
Definition
2/3
Term
This term refers to the clefts separating different components of the brain
Definition
Fissures
Term
These are the primary somatosensory areas
Definition
Areas 1, 2, 3
Term
This is the primary motor cortex
Definition
Area 4
Term
This is the primary visual cortex
Definition
Area 17
Term
These are the primary auditory cortexes
Definition
Area 41 and 42
Term
This area is posterior to the central sulcus
Definition
Primary somatosensory
Term
This area is anterior to the central sulcus
Definition
Primary motor cortex
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for learning, recall, subjective emotions
Definition
Limbic lobe
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for motor speech
Definition
Frontal lobe
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for perception and interpretation of spoken words
Definition
Parietal lobe
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for involuntary/autoimmune activities, taste, and smell
Definition
Insular lobe
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for the primary auditory cortex
Definition
Temporal lobe
Term
This lobe of the brain is responsible for the primary visual cortex
Definition
Occipital lobe
Term
Broca's area is responsible for this
Definition
Expressive speech
Term
Wernicke's area is responsible for this
Definition
Receptive language (interpretation)
Term
Fibres use this to get to and from the cerebrum
Definition
Internal capsule
Term
This part of the brain is known as the emotional amplifier - controls memory, decision making, and emotional responses
Definition
The amygdala
Term
The septum in the brain is full of this type of tissue
Definition
Glial tissues
Term
What type of tissue makes of the walls of the third ventricle?
Definition
Diencephalon
Term
Which of the following types of tissues sits between the others, and thus ascending fibers must pass through it forming the internal capsule - mesencephalon, diencephalon, telencephalon
Definition
Diencephalon
Term
Which part of the midbrain deals with auditory processing?
Definition
Inferior corniculus
Term
Which part of the midbrain deals with ocular reflexes?
Definition
Superior corniculus
Term
What term refers to the two big thick stalks where everything needs to come down through to get to the brainstem proper?
Definition
Cerebral peduncles
Term
What is the function of the medial geniculate body/nucleus?
Definition
Auditory processing - represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex
Term
The relay and integrative centre of the brain
Definition
Thalamus
Term
This part of the brain has integrative control of the autonomic nervous system
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
Lesions to the ventral posterolateral nucleus result in this
Definition
Heaviness of limbs, thalamic pain
Term
Lesions to the ventral posteromedial nucleus result in this
Definition
Motor deficits
Term
The VPL and VPM are major relay stations for what?
Definition
Somatosensory information
Term
The pineal gland secretes this substance
Definition
Melatonin
Term
What effect can the pineal gland have on other endocrine systems?
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
These cranial nerves come from above the pons
Definition
I, II, III
Olfactory, Optic, Occulomotor
Term
These cranial nerves come from the back of the brainstem
Definition
IV
Trochlear
Term
These cranial nerves come from the pons-medullary junction
Definition
VI-XII
Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
Term
This cranial nerve comes out of the pyramid and olive
Definition
Hypoglossal (XII)
Term
This part of the midbrain is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes
Definition
Tectum
Term
The superior and inferior corniculus make up this part of the midbrain
Definition
Tectum
Term
These cranial nerves lie between the olive and the cuneate versiculus
Definition
IX, X, XI
Glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory
Term
These type of cranial nerves come off the ventral aspect of the midbrain
Definition
Somatic efferents (motor)
Term
These type of cranial nerves come off the dorsal aspect of the midbrain
Definition
Somatic afferents (sensory)
Term
Loss of coordination, imbalance, changes in tone, and loss of complex neural interactions are all possible outcomes of lesions to this area of the brain
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
How much of the cerebellum is hidden?
Definition
4/5
Term
One of the areas where plaques are more likely to occur
Definition
Origin of vertebral artery
Term
One of the areas where plaques are more likely to occur
Definition
Carotid bifurcation
Term
One of the areas where plaques are more likely to occur
Definition
Carotid siphon
Term
One of the areas where plaques are more likely to occur
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Most of the medial surface of the brain is supplied by this artery
Definition
Anterior cerebral artery
Term
A lot of the occipital lobe and inferior surface of the temporal lobe is supplied by this artery
Definition
Posterior cerebral artery
Term
Aphasia, and contralateral sensorimotor defects suggest an occlusion of this artery
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Lower limb weakness (contralateral) suggests occlusion of this artery
Definition
Anterior cerebral artery
Term
Sensory loss, visual loss - hemianopia (blindness over half field of vision) suggest occlusion of this artery
Definition
Posterior cerebral artery
Term
Frontopontine and thalamocortical fibres are found in this part of the internal capsule
Definition
Anterior limb
Term
Corticobulbar fibres are found in this part of the internal capsule
Definition
The genu
Term
Corticospinal (motor), sensory from the body, and few corticobulbar fibres are found in this part of the internal capsule
Definition
Posterior limb
Term
Lenticulostriate branches off of this artery supplies the anterior limb of the internal capsule
Definition
Branches of middle cerebral artery and recurrent artery of Heubner off of the anterior cerebral artery
Term
Lenticulostriate branches off of this artery supplies the genu of the internal capsule
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Lenticulostriate branches off of this artery supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule
Definition
Middle cerebral artery and internal choroidal artery off of the internal carotid artery
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