Term
| 1. What part of the brain functions to receive and interpret sensory input, control voluntary motor movement, and is involved with cognitive and emotional processing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. What is the name for the elevations or "bumps" in the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. What is the name for the grooves in the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| sulci (sulcus) or fissures for deeper grooves |
|
|
Term
| 4. What is the deepest groove in the cerebrum and what does it divide? |
|
Definition
| longitudinal fissure - divides left and right hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| 5. Which sulcus divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. Which sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. Which sulcus divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. Gray matter in the cerebrum is formed by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. What are two locations gray matter is found in the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| cerebral cortex and basal nuclei |
|
|
Term
| 10. White matter in the cerebrum is formed by what? |
|
Definition
| myelinated axons of neurons |
|
|
Term
| 11. What are two locations white matter is found in the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| corpus collosum and internal capsule |
|
|
Term
| 12. What is the name for the superficial layer of the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. What are the 3 kinds of functional areas in the cerebral cortex? |
|
Definition
| motor, sensory, and association areas |
|
|
Term
| 14. What functional area is located on the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. What is the function of the primary motor cortex? |
|
Definition
| controls contraction of skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| 16. What functional area is located of the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe? |
|
Definition
| primary somatic sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| 17. What is the function of the primary somatic sensory cortex? |
|
Definition
| receives impulses (general sensation, pain, pressure, and temperature) from sensory receptors in skin and skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| 18. What functional area is located on the occipital lobe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. What is the function of the visual cortex? |
|
Definition
| it receives impulses conveying visual information |
|
|
Term
| 20. What functional area is located posterior to the primary somatic sensory cortex on the parietal lobe? |
|
Definition
| somatosensory association area |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is the function of the somatosensory association area? |
|
Definition
| recognize object by touch |
|
|
Term
| 22. What functional area is located on the left frontal lobe just superior to the lateral fissure? |
|
Definition
| Broca's area (motor speech area) |
|
|
Term
| 23. What is the function of Broca's area? |
|
Definition
| controls muscles responsible for the production of speech |
|
|
Term
| 24. What functional area is located on the left parietal lobe near the end of the lateral fissure? |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's area (sensory speech area) |
|
|
Term
| 25. What is the function of Wernicke's area? |
|
Definition
| involved with understanding and formulating speech |
|
|
Term
| 26. What is the basal nuclei and what is it's function? |
|
Definition
| group of functionally related nuclei that is involved in the control of motor functions |
|
|
Term
| 27. What is the limbic system involved with? |
|
Definition
| basic survival functions (memory, reproduction, and nutrition) and emotional interpretation of sensory input and emotions |
|
|
Term
| 28. What type of fibers connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. What type of fibers connect one cerebral hemisphere to another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 30. What is an example of commissural fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 31. What type of fibers are between the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 32. What is an example of projection fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. What are the three parts of the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
| thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus |
|
|
Term
| 34. What does the thalamus do? |
|
Definition
| relay station for most sensory impulses that reach cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| 35. What does the hypothalamus do? |
|
Definition
| controls and integrates activities of the ANS / controls pituitary gland / regulates feelings of rage, aggression, pain, and pleasure / regulates thirst and food intake / regulates body temperature |
|
|
Term
| 36. What part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and when is it secreted? |
|
Definition
| melatonin / secreted during darkness |
|
|
Term
| 38. What are the three main parts to the brain stem? |
|
Definition
| midbrain, pons, and medulla |
|
|
Term
| 39. What part of the brain stem relays motor and sensory information and is involved with hearing and vision reflexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. What part of the brain stem relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 41. What part of the brain stem regulates heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and hiccuping? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. What regulates coordinated skeletal muscle movements, posture and balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. What are connective tissue layers that cover and protect the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 44. What is the most superficial meninge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. What is the space above the dura mater? Is it real or potential (in brain)? |
|
Definition
| epidural space / potential |
|
|
Term
| 46. What is the middle meninge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. What is the space below the dura mater? Is it real or potential (in brain)? |
|
Definition
| subdural space / potential |
|
|
Term
| 48. What is the space below the arachnoid mater? Is it real or potential (in brain)? |
|
Definition
| subarachnoid space / real |
|
|
Term
| 49. What does the subarachnoid space contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50. What layer of meninge adheres to the surface of the brain or spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 51. What is the function of CSF? |
|
Definition
| nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| 52. Where are three places CSF is found? |
|
Definition
| subarachnoid space, central canal, and ventricles |
|
|
Term
| 53. Where is CSF produced? |
|
Definition
| in ventricles by the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus |
|
|
Term
| 54. Where are the 2 lateral ventricles found? |
|
Definition
| one in each cerebral hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| 55. Where is the third ventricle found? |
|
Definition
| between the two halves of the thalamus |
|
|
Term
| 56. Where is the fourth ventricle found? |
|
Definition
| between the brain stem and the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| 57. What condition is caused by a blockage and accumulation of CSF in the ventricles that results in intracranial pressure and possible enlargement of the head if in young child? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. What is the major communication link between the brain and the PNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. What is involved with reflex mechanisms and integration of incoming information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. Is the epidural space in the spinal cord real or potential? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. Is the subdural space in the spinal cord real or potential? |
|
Definition
| potential but little more real |
|
|
Term
| 5. Is the subarachnoid space in the spinal cord real or potential? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. The spinal cord extends from _________ to ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. The spinal cord is located within what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. What is a spinal tap and where is it done? |
|
Definition
| procedure where CSF is drawn from the subarachnoid space at the level of L3/L4 or L4/L5 |
|
|
Term
| 9. What part of the spinal cord contains axons supplying the upper extremities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. What part of the spinal cord contains axons supplying the lower extremities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. What is a collection of nerve roots the extends from the lumbar enlargement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. What it the cone shaped end of the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. What anchors the conus medullaris to the coccyx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. What is the filum terminale? |
|
Definition
| continuation of pia mater |
|
|
Term
| 15. What four structures are found in the gray matter of the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
| dorsal horn, lateral horn, ventral horn, and central canal |
|
|
Term
| 16. What part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of motor neurons supplying skeltal musce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. What part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of autonomic neurons supplying smooth and cardiac muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. What vertebral levels would you find lateral horns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. What part of the spinal cord contains axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. What part of the spinal cord is continuous with the fourth ventricle of the brain and contains CSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. What are the three parts to the white matter in the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
| ventral, lateral, and dorsal columns |
|
|
Term
| 22. Columns in the white matter are subdivided into what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. What type of tracts carry sensory information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. What type of tracts carry motor information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25. Give an example of an ascending tract. |
|
Definition
| spinothalamic tract / carries info about pain and temperature |
|
|
Term
| 26. Give an example of a descending tract. |
|
Definition
| lateral corticospinal tract / carries info about movement of neck, trunk, and extremities |
|
|
