Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| soft spot in infants skull between frontal and parietal bones at coronal and sagittal sutures where membranous tissues have not yet ossified |
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Term
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Definition
| ossified fontanelle region |
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Term
| why are there grooves in the interior calvaria? |
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Definition
| for meningeal blood vessels |
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Term
| what are granular foveolae |
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Definition
| small depressions in interior calvaria formed from protrusions of the arachnoid mater |
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Term
| what are arachnoid granulations? |
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Definition
| protrusions of the arachnoid mater that ar sites of transfer of the CSF into the venous system; create granular fovelae on the interior calvaria |
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Term
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Definition
| spongy bone in skull between inner and outer cortexes |
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Term
| what are the functions of the cranial meninges? |
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Definition
| surround and protect brain, form a communicating network for veins or venous sinuses, enclose the subarachnoid space that houses cerebral spinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| thick, dense, external fibrous membrane |
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Term
| what are the 2 layers of the dura mater? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| delicate intermediate membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| delicate internal vascular membrane that adheres closely to surface of brain |
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Term
| the 2 layers of dura separate from each other to form what 2 things? |
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Definition
| dural partitions, dural venous sinuses |
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Term
| how are dural partitions formed? |
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Definition
| the internal meningeal layer of the dura separates from the external periosteal layer of dura to form reflections that separate regions of the brain |
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Term
| which septa/dural partition separates the cerebral hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| which septa/dural partition separates the occiptal lobe from the cerebellum and is located in the transverse plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are dural venous sinuses? |
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Definition
| endothelium lined spaces/channels between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater |
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Term
| describe blood flow into/out of dural venous sinuses |
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Definition
| large veins from surface of brain empty into these sinuses and venous blood eventually drains into the internal jugular veins |
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Term
| do the dural venous sinuses have valves? |
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Definition
| no, blood can flow in either direciton |
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Term
| what are the 7 major dural venous sinuses? |
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Definition
| superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, confluence of sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, cavernous sinus |
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Term
| what are arachnoid granulations? |
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Definition
| tufts of arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of dura into the superior sagittal sinus to permit transfer of cerebral spinal fluid into the venous system |
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Term
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Definition
| connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium (can transmit bacteria/toxins into the cranial cavity) |
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Term
| what are the 3 meningeal spaces? |
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Definition
| epidural, subdural, subarachnoid |
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Term
| what is the epidural space |
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Definition
| a potential space between the dura and the calvaria; hematomoas occur here when a meningeal artery is ruptured |
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Term
| what is the subdural space |
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Definition
| potential space between dura and arachnoid mater; hematomas occur here when a cerebral vein ruptures |
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Term
| what is the subarachnoid space? |
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Definition
| houses the cerbral spinal fluid; hematomas occur here from a cerebral artery |
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Term
| what is the result of trauma to the cerebral vein at a junction with dural venous sinus that causes the subdural space to fill with blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the result of aneurysm of a cerebral artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the dura mater adhere tightly to? |
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Definition
| bones that form the floor of the cranial base |
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Term
| what nerves go through the dura to pass through their respective foramina in the base of the skull? |
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Definition
| olfactory I; optic II; oculumotor III; trochlear IV; trigeminal V; ophthalmic V1; maxillary V2; mandibular V3; abducent VI; facial VII; vestibulocochlear VIII; glossopharyngeal IX; vagus X; accessory XI; hypoglossal XII |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| accessory - spinal accessory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve exits cranial base at cribriform plate |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve exits cranial base through optic canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerves exit cranial base at superior orbital fissure? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve exits cranial base at foramen rotundum? |
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Definition
| CN V2 maxillary division of trigeminal |
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Term
| which nerve exits cranial base at foramen ovale? |
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Definition
| CN V3 mandibular division of trigeminal |
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Term
| which nerves exit cranial base at internal acoustic meatus? |
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Definition
| CN VII facial and VIII vestibulocochlear |
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Term
| which nerves exit cranial base at jugular foramen? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve exits cranial base at hypoglossal canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does olfactory nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does optic nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does oculomotor nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does trochlear nerve exit cranial base |
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Definition
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Term
| where does ophthalmic nerve exit cranial base |
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Definition
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Term
| where does abducens nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does maxillary nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does mandibular nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does facial nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does vestibulocochlear nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does glossopharyngeal nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does vagus nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does accessory nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does hypoglossal nerve exit cranial base? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 major regions of the cranial cavity/base? |
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Definition
| anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa |
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Term
| what lobes are in the anterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
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Term
| what lobes are in the middle cranial fossa? |
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Definition
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Term
| what parts of brain are in posterior cranial fossa |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the cranial fossas form? |
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Definition
| bowl-shaped floor of cranial cavity |
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Term
| diencephalon + cerebral hemispheres and lobes make up what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things make up brainstem? |
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Definition
| midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
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Term
| what are the 3 main parts of the brain? |
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Definition
| brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum |
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Term
| what is the largest portion of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the 2 lateral ventricles? |
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Definition
| each is within a cerebral hemisphere |
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Term
| where are the 3rd and 4th ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what fills the ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bathe and protect brain, provide bouyancy to brain to prevent it from compressing spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| within the choroid plexuses of the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how is old/extra CSF reabsorbed into venous circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the result of blockage/tumors of ventricular system and/or arachnoid granulations? |
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Definition
| hydrocephaly = increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
| what are the 2 parts of the diencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| major relay center: processes sensory information and regulates motor control |
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Term
| what is the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| major control center for the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| what ventricle does the diencephalon surround? |
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Definition
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Term
| what/where are cerebral peduncles? |
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Definition
| axon fiber tracts from cortex to spinal cord (in midbrain) |
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Term
| what do the superior and inferior colliculi do? |
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Definition
| auditory and visual stimuli |
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Term
| cerebral aqueduct goes through what? |
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Definition
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Term
| where/what is substantia nigra? |
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Definition
| in midbrain, produces dopamine |
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Term
| what does superior colliculus do? |
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Definition
| visual info/eye movement, neck movement: helps you get your head out of the way when a fastball comes flying at you! |
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Term
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Definition
| houses some cranial nerve nuclei; relays cortical = motor information to the cerebellum |
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Term
| what is the most caudal portion of the brainstem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the medulla oblongata do |
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Definition
| houses some cranial nerve nuclei; continuous with spinal cord through foramen magnum; contains olive and pyramids on ventral surface |
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Term
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Definition
| relay center on medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| upper motor neuron tracts or corticospinal axon tracts on ventral surface of medulla oblongata |
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Term
| what connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the cerebellum do? |
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Definition
| motor coordination and equilibrium |
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Term
| which cranial fossa is the cerebellum in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 major lobes of the external brain? |
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Definition
| frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
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Term
| what separates the two hemispheres of the brain? |
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Definition
| longittudinal fissure and falx cerebri |
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Term
| what does the central sulcus separate? |
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Definition
| primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) and primary sensory cortex (post central gyrus) |
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Term
| where is the primary motor cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the primary sensoyr cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the corpus callosum? |
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Definition
| axons that project between the 2 hemispheres |
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Term
| what is the cingulate gyrus? |
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Definition
| part of the limbic system = functions include emotional expression and visceral motor activity |
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Term
| what do internal carotid arteries branch into between skull/brain? |
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Definition
| anterior and middle cerebral arteries |
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Term
| what do the anterior and middle cerebral arteries form? |
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Definition
| anterior circulation of the brain |
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Term
| what do the vertebral arteries unite to form after ascending through the foramen magnum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the basilar artery give off? |
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Definition
| posterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
| what do the posterior cerebral arteries form? |
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Definition
| posterior circulation of the brain |
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Term
| what structures of the brain are vascularized by the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| what structures of the brain are vascularized by the middle cerebral arteries? |
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Definition
| lateral regions of brain and temporal lobes |
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Term
| what structures of the brain are vascularized by the posterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| occipital lobe and posterior structures |
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Term
| what does the dura mater adhere tightly to? |
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Definition
| bones that form the floor of the cranial base |
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