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Brain anatomy
Bio 430 brain anatomy lab terms
57
Anatomy
Graduate
12/07/2012

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Term
Septum pellucidum
Definition
separation between lateral ventricles
Term
Interventricular foramen
Definition
connection between lat ventricles and 3rd ventricle
Term
Cerebral aqueduct
Definition
connects 3rd and 4th ventricle
Term
Apertures
Definition
CSF exit locations- 2 lateral and one median
Term
Meninges
Definition
brain coverings- pia, dura, arachnoid
Term
Arachnoid villi
Definition
projections of arachnoid mater into the dural sinus
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
outer most layer. Composed of periosteal later and meningeal
Term
dural septa
Definition
dural folds. inward extension of meningeal layer
Term
Falx Cerebri
Definition
in longitudinal fissure (dural septa)
Term
Falx Cerebelli
Definition
between cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Tentorium Cerebelli
Definition
runs horizontally into the transverse fissure, superior to cerebellum
Term
Choroid Plexuses
Definition
clusters of capillaries in the ventricles that form CSF
Term
precentral gyrus
Definition
primary motor cortex
Term
postcentral gyrus
Definition
primary sensory area
Term
Central Sulcus
Definition
separates pre and postcentral gyri
Term
Lateral sulcus
Definition
separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal
Term
Parieto-Occipital sulcus
Definition
separates parietal and occipital lobes
Term
superficial cortex
Definition
outer gray matter of brain
Term
Pyramidal Cells
Definition
Part of Primary Motor Cortex- 1st order neurons. form corticospinal tracts with synapse with lower motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord
Term
Primary Motor Cortex
Definition
controls somatic motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Contralateral voluntary movement (skeletal muscle contraction). Uses pyramidal cells.
Term
Premotor Cortex
Definition
somatic motor association area (anterior to precentral gyrus
-integration of motor planning based on sensory feedback during movement and past experience.
-Controls learned motor sklls
-Disorder- can still contract muscles but can't perform complex movements
Term
Speech Center (Broca's Area)
Definition
usually in left hemisphere of frontal lobe(lateralization)
- Coordinates muscles involved in speech
-Disorder- can understand language but have difficulty speaking
Term
Frontal Eye Field
Definition
Superior to Broca's area in frontal lobe
-controls voluntary eye movement
Term
Prefrontal Cortex
Definition
anterior region of the frontal lobe
-involved in intellect, cognition, recall, personality, abstract thought, planning and reasoning.
Term
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Definition
Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
-somatic sensory perception of touch, pressure, temperature, etc.
-somatosensory homunculus illustrates spatial discrimination
Term
Somatosensory Association Area
Definition
Part of parietal lobe
integrates various sensory inputs and past sensory experiences.
Disorder- someone with damage to this region cannot recognize keys in their pocket without seeing them.
Term
Primary Visual Cortex
Definition
Occipital lobe
perception of sight
Term
Visual Association Area
Definition
Occipital Lobe
Gives meaning to visual input
Disorder- wouldn't be able to recognize a friends face
Term
Primary Auditory Cortex
Definition
Temporal Lobe- adjacent to lateral sulcus
perception of sound (pitch, volume, etc)
Term
Primary Olfactory Cortex
Definition
Temporal Lobe (much of primitive rhinencephalon)
perception of smell
Term
Gustatory Cortex
Definition
Part of Insula
perception taste
Term
Multimodal Association Area
Definition
Where sensations, thoughts, and emotions become conscious- All other association areas send input to this combined association area
Term
General Interpretive Area
Definition
recognizing patterns and faces and awareness of self and out surroundings
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
in left hemisphere (lateralization)
Involved in language and mathematical calculations
Disorder- unable to speak but produce word salad and have difficulty interpreting what they say and hear
Term
Association Fibers
Definition
connect different regions of cortex in the same hemisphere
Term
Longitudinal fasciculi
Definition
bundles of long association fibers that connect the frontal lobe to other lobes in the same hemisphere
Term
Arcuate fibers
Definition
short association fibers that connect adjacent gyri
Term
Commissural fiber
Definition
connect corresponding gray matter areas between the two hemispheres
-Corpus Callosum and anterior commissure
Term
Projection fibers
Definition
part of efferent or affarent pathways between CNS and PNS
-internal capsule and corona radiata
Term
Basal Nuclei
Definition
terminates rhythmic motor movements, inhibits unnecessary movements during complex tasks, gives muscle tone
made of caudate n. globus pallidus and putamen
-lentiform nucleus= globus and putamen
-Corpus striatum- caudate n. and lentiform n.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Filter and processes affarent information before sending to appropriate cortical area
two hemispheres connected by intermediate mass
-contains thalamic nuclei
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
contains mamillary bodies (part of olfactory pathway), pituitary gland- primary control center for the endocrine system- hormones (connected by infundibulum)
-heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestions, fight or flight, hunger and thirst center, body temp regulation, pleasure, fear, sex drive, emotional response.
Term
Epithalamus
Definition
contains pineal gland (secretes melatonin- endocrine gland- sleep signals) and posterior commissure (pupillary light reflex)
Term
Brainstem
Definition
Made of Pons, Midbrain, medulla
most primitive part of brain that controls automatic activities required for survival
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
contains autonomic reflex centers- cardiovascular center and respiratory center
Term
Somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
Definition
in the dorsal root horns
Term
visceral motor nuclei
Definition
in lateral horn
Term
somatic motor nuclei
Definition
ventral horn
Term
anterior and posterior white commissure
Definition
commisural fibers that comment right and left halves of cord
Term
Dorsal column- medial lemniscal pathway
Definition
-fasciculus cuneatus and pasciculus gracilis
-nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis
-medial lemnisci
Term
spinocerebellar tracts
Definition
ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts
Term
anterolateral pathway
Definition
lateral and ventral spinothalamic
Term
Lateral and Ventral coricospinal tracts
Definition
lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts
Term
Rubrospinal tract
Definition
red nucleus
Term
Free nerve ending
Definition
(E,I,P)
mechanoreceptors
nociceptor
thermoreceptor
chemoreceptor
Term
Merkle Disc
Definition
(E)
Mechanoreceptor (light pressure)
Term
Hair follicle receptor (Hair root plexus)
Definition
(E)- UNencap
Mechanoreceptor
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