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Brachial Plexus
Rinaldi 1/27/11 lecture
78
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
01/30/2011

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Term
motor and sympathetics
Definition
what is included in the ventral root
Term
mixed to epaxial dermatomes
Definition
what is in the dorsal rami
Term
mixed to hypaxial dermamyotomes
Definition
what is in the ventral rami
Term
ventral rami (no dorsal)
Definition
all plexuses are composed of what structure
Term
sensory, motor, sympathetics from more than 1 spinal cord segment (NO PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS)
Definition
what types are innervation are in the brachial plexus
Term
C5-T1
Definition
the ventral rami of which spinal nerves composes the brachial plexus
Term
Roots( ventral rami), Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer
Definition
what are the 5 regions of the brachial plexus plexus
Term
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/15/brachial_plex_how_to.pdf
Definition
CHECK THIS OUT brachial plexus
Term
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/quizzes/upperlimbmuscles/anteriorarm/quiz.html
Definition
check this out too for the muscles
Term
lateral and posterior (same as C6 & 7)
Definition
cords innervated by C5
Term
lateral and posterior (same as C5 & C7)
Definition
cords innervated by C6
Term
lateral and posterior (same as C5 & C6)
Definition
cords innervated by C7
Term
medial and posterior (same as T1)
Definition
cords innervated by C8
Term
medial, posterior
Definition
cords innervated by T1
Term
posterior
Definition
what cord receives innervation from all spinal nerves of the brachial plexus?
Term
lateral C5-C7, posterior C5-T1, medial (C8-T1)
Definition
what spinal nerves are the lateral, posterior and medial cords innervated by?
Term
C5, C6, C7
Definition
spinal that nerves make up the long thoracic nerve
Term
C5 root (long thoracic nerve is distal on C5)
Definition
where the dorsal scapular nerve comes off the brachial plexus
Term
lateral cord
Definition
where the lateral pectoral nerve comes off the brachial plexus
Term
posterior trunk, proximal-> distal: upper SS, thoracodorsal, Lower SS.
Definition
where the upper and lower subscapular nerves, and the thoracodoral nerve come off the brachial plexus(and in what order)
Term
medial cord (proximal to the ulnar nerve)
Definition
where the medial pectoral, medial cutaneus of the arm/forearm (aka MBC = medial brachial cutaneous, and MABC = medial antebrachialcutaneous)
Term
(from lateral to medial) Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

My Aunt Raped My Uncle
Definition
BRANCHES of the brachial plexus
Term
3 branches from the roots, 1 branch from the upper trunk,3 branches from the lateral cord, 5 branches from medial cord, 5 from posterior cord
Definition
31355
Term
dorsal scapular nerve (C5: rhomboids, levatator scapulae), nerve to subclavius (C5 & 6: subclavius muscle), long thoracic nerve (C 5-7: serratus anterior)
Definition
three branches from the roots of the brachial plexus
Term
long thoracic nerve, it descends behind the plexus down the thorax wall
Definition
nerve vulnerable to knife wounds and mastectomy surgery, why?
Term
suprascapular nerve (C5 & 6)supraspinatus and infraspinatus-rotator cuff)
Definition
1 branch from the upper trunk
Term
lateral pectoral n (pectoralis major),
lateral root to median n (flexors of forearm),
musculocutaneous nerve (anterior compartment of arm-elbow flexors)
Definition
name the 3 branches from the lateral cord
Term
Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial pn goes though both pectoral major and minor.
Lateral is less, Medial is more
Definition
what innervates pectoralis major/minor
Term
medial pectoralis (pec major and minor)
medial cuatneous to arm
medial cutaneous to forearm
medial root to median nerve (forearm flexors and thenar)
ulnar nerver (intrinsic hand muscles)
Definition
name the 5 branches from the medial cord
Term
if there is an angina, there can be annoxia to these nerves at the dorsal root ganglia or dorsal horn, so the nerve roots get mixed up???? CHECK THIS PLEASE ????
Definition
what is clinically significant about the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (medial antebrachialcutaneous)
Term
1. upper suscapularis (subscapularis musc.)
2. thoracodorsal n (latissimus dorsi)
3. lower subscapular n. (subscapularis & teres major)
4. axillary n (deltoids & teres minor)
5. Radial n (motor of posterior compartment of arm and forearm extensors -posterior)
Definition
name the 5 branches from the posterior cord
Term
brachial plexus (roots), subclavian artery
Definition
list the contents of the scalene triangle (what is contained within it)
Term
anterior and medial scalenes (NOT POSTERIOR), and the first rib
Definition
which scalene muscles border the scalene triangle, and what forms the base of the triangle
Term
not in the triangle! the veins is anterior to the anterior scalene muscle, while the artery is posterior to the anterior scalene
Definition
where is the subclavian vein in relation to the scalene triangle?
Term
sleeve connective tissue starting in the neck (at the pre-vertebral fascia around deep muscles) and extends down around the vessels and nerves in the armpit (axilla)
Definition
what is the axillary sheath
Term
it holds vessels open, such as veins to allow blood to flow back to the heart more easily(kind of like the lungs are stuck to the pleural cavity)
Definition
how does the axillary sheath help blood flow
Term
1.the first part of the axillary artery
2. the axillary vein
3. the brachial plexus (starts around the trunks region)
Definition
what is contained in the axillary sheath specifically (3)
Term
[image]
Definition
picture the axiallary sheath
Term
axillary artery
Definition
name for the subclavian artery once it passes rib 1
Term
infection tent to track along fascial planes
Definition
clinical significance of fascial planes
Term
dermomyotome
Definition
blocks of tissue in somites that correspond to single spinal cord segments
Term
plexus
Definition
what is it called when nerves from different spinal segments mix and rejoin
Term
nope!
Definition
are there plexi in the thorax
Term
sensory and sympathetic (dorsal root), motor for skeletal muscle
(Slow/stupid DMV = SD = sensory dorsal, MV, motor ventral)
Definition
cutaneous nerves carry what innervation
Term
the spinal nerve for that whole dermatome must be cut

-as opposed to just part of a dermatome losing function, which would involve only cutaneous nerves
Definition
what would have to occur for an entire dermatome to lose function
Term
supraclavicular fossa (depression above clavicle)
Definition
where the C3 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
acromion
Definition
where the C4 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
lateral aspect of the cubital fossa (inside elbow)
Definition
where the C5 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
thumb
Definition
where the C6 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
middle finger
Definition
where the C7 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
medial aspect of hand
Definition
where the C8 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
medial aspect of cuboidal fossa
Definition
where the T1 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
anterior fold of skin at the junction of the arm with the trunk (armpit?)
Definition
where the T2 dermatome is tested(sensory)
Term
myotomes from more than one somite
Definition
in all vertebrae, most muscles of the limbs are composed of what myotomes
Term
more than one
Definition
movements of any limb joint are controlled by branches of ____ spinal nerve
Term
C5(abduction),C6
Definition
myotome innervation of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation
Term
C7, C8
Definition
myotome innervation of the shoulder-extension, adduction, internal rotation
Term
C5(flexion), C6
Definition
myotome innervation of elbow flexion
Term
C7(extension), C8
Definition
myotome innervation of elbow extension
Term
C6, C7, C8
Definition
myotome innervation of wrist flexion
Term
C6(extension), C7
Definition
myotome innervation of wrist extension
Term
C7, C8(flexion)
Definition
myotomer innervation of hand: long finger extension/felxion
Term
C8, T1* test this with giving them something to grip
Definition
myotome innervation of intrinsic muscles of the hand (abduction/adduction of fingers)
Term
C5, C6
Definition
what roots are included in upper brachial injuries
Term
being thrown off a horse/motorcycle, birth
Definition
two common ways upper brachial plexus injuries occur
Term
the neck is stretched where the velocity of the shoulder is reduced relative to the head and neck (the shoulder catches on something and the neck is pulled)
Definition
how does an upper brachial plexus injury occur
Term
upper
Definition
Erb's palsy, upper or lower brachial plexus injury
Term
adduction, internal rotation of the shoulder, extended elbow, pronated forearm (arm kind hangs there tucked in due to muscle tone)
Definition
the clinical presentation of Erb's palsy (describing arm postition)
Term
C8 and T1
Definition
what nerve roots are included in lower brachial plexus injuries
Term
upper limb pulled superiorly suddenly (breaking a all from scaffolding), or stretching the upper limb superiorly (NOT DURING BIRTH)
Definition
2 ways lower brachial plexus injuries occur
Term
lower
Definition
Klumpke's paralysis, upper or lower brachial plexus injury?
Term
clawed hand
Definition
the sign of klumpke's paralysis
Term
lower
Definition
Horner's syndrome, upper or lower brachial plexus injury?
Term
ptosis(droopy eye) and pupil constriction due to traction on the sympathetic chain (due to T1 overlap with sympathetic and brachial plexus)-lower brachial plexus injury
Definition
describe Horner's syndrome
Term
lack of sweat on one side (anhydrosus)
Definition
if there is lack of sympathetic innervation to one side, how can you tell clinically?
Term
Erb's palsy, an upper brachial plexus injury
Definition
what causes a clinical finding known as the "waiter's tip" position of the arm
Term
C5 & C6
Definition
the spinal level that is considered an upper brachial plexus injury
Term
C8 & T1
Definition
the spinal level that is considered a lower brachial plexus injury
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