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Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus
27
Anatomy
Professional
09/26/2010

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Cards

Term
Where does the brachial plexus originate?
Definition
VPR of SNs C5-T1
Term
Describe the roots of the brachial plexus (stem from? located? nerves?)
Definition
Stem from C5-T1; located between the anterior and middle scalene muscles; 2 nerves arise from roots - dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve
Term
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (origin, path, and innervation)
Definition
arises from C5; pierces the middle scalene muscle before innervating the rhomboids and levator scapula
Term
Long Thoracic Nerve (origin, path, and innervation)
Definition
Originates from roots of C5-C7, runs along the superficial aspect of the serratus anterior, which it innervates
Term
Trunks of Brachial Plexus
Definition

roots unite to form three trunks that pass through the posterior triangle

 

superior trunk; middle trunk; inferior trunk

Term
Superior trunk
Definition

formed by union of C5-C6; 2 nerves arise from superior trunk

 

Nerve to subclavius - motor innervation to the subclavius m.

 

Suprascapular nerve - motor innervation to supraspinatus and infraspinatus m.

Term
Middle Trunk
Definition
Arises from C7
Term
Inferior Trunk
Definition
formed by union of C8 and T1
Term
Divisions
Definition
each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions; generally speaking, nerves from anterior divisions supply flexor muscles and nerves from posterior divisions supply extensor m.
Term
Cords
Definition
formed when anterior and posterior divisions unite
Term
Posterior Cord (and nerves formed)
Definition

named for location posterior to 2nd part of axillary artery; formed when 3 posterior divisions unite

 

5 nerves:

upper subscapular nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

lower subscapular nerve

axillary nerve

radial nerve

Term
upper subscapular nerve
Definition
motor n. to subscapularis
Term
lower subscapular nerve
Definition
motor to subscapularis and teres major
Term
thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve)
Definition
motor to the latissimus dorsi
Term
axillary nerve
Definition
motor to the teres minor and deltoid; sensory to skin of the shoulder
Term
radial nerve
Definition
motor to the extensor compartment of arm and forearm; sensory along the posterior aspect of the upper extremity
Term
lateral cord
Definition

named for location to 2nd part of axillary artery; anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk join to form lateral cord;

 

3 branches:

lateral pectoral nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

lateral portion to the median nerve

Term
Lateral pectoral nerve
Definition
motor to the pectoralis major and minor (via the ansa pectoralis); located superomedial to pectoralis minor
Term
Musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
pierces coracobrachialis; motor to coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis. It terminates as lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
Term
Lateral portion of the median nerve
Definition
joins with the medial part of the median nerve to form the large median nerve
Term
medial cord
Definition

named for the location to the 2nd part of the axillary artery; anterior division of inferior trunk continues as medial cord;

 

5 branches:

medial pectoral nerve

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

ulnar nerve

medial portion of the median nerve

Term
medial pectoral nerve
Definition
pierces pectoralis minor; motor to pectoralis major and minor via the ansa pectoralis
Term
medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Definition
sensory to the skin on medial side of arm (brachium) and superior part of the forearm (antebrachium)
Term
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Definition
sensory to the skin on the medial side of the forearm (antebrachium)
Term
ulnar nerve
Definition
motor to flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus in the anterior forearm; sensory to skin on medial side of hand
Term
medial portion of the median nerve
Definition
forms with lateral portion of the median nerve to form the large median nerve
Term
median nerve
Definition
motor innervation to most of the flexor muscles in the forearm, five muscles in the hand, and sensory innervation to part of the skin of the hand
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