Term
| Resting potential of muscle cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slowly leaks through passive K transports, much stays in the cell due to negative charge of proteins |
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Term
| Two kinds of ion channels and their roles in muscle movement |
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Definition
ligand-gated: binds ligand (ACh), allows Na+ into cell; starts action potential
ion gated: opens and closes in response to de/repolarization; propagates action potential |
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Term
| Potential threshold of muscle cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Na+/K+ pump, and role in muscle movement |
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Definition
| antiport active transport pump which transports 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell simultaneously; restores muscle potential |
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Term
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Definition
| action potentials are like guns, they either fire, or they don't; strength depends on number/recruitment of action potentials/muscles to be acted upon |
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Term
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Definition
3 parts:
1) presynaptic terminal: axon terminal + synaptic vesicles
2)synaptic cleft: space
3)Motor End-Plate: sarcolemma invagination |
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Term
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Definition
| acetylcholine --> acetic acid + choline; choline is recycled to the axon terminal |
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Term
| Follow the Na+ ion pathway from the synaptic cleft to tropomyosin movement (7 key words) |
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Definition
| enters the SARCOLEMMA through the T TUBULES, which stimulates the two adjacent TERMINAL CISTERNAE of the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM in its TRIAD to release CALCIUM IONS, which bind TROPONIN which moves tropomyosin |
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Term
| Number of ATP used for full muscular cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| time b/t ACh binding the ligand-gated ion channel and contraction |
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Term
| Strength of Motor Response |
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Definition
| directly related to strength of stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| more motor units contract = stronger contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| staircase effect, possibly caused by changing levels of Ca2+ ions in the SR |
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Term
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Definition
| force applied to object when muscle contracts (lifting dumbell) |
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Term
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Definition
| tension applied to load when muscle is stretched by not stimulated (holding dumbell) |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in tension, no contraction (pushing on wall; standing); force, no work |
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Term
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Definition
| constant tension in contracting muscle; (smooth muscular activity like yoga; work, no acceleration) |
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Term
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Definition
overcomes opposing resistance, muscle shortens
vs.
tension maintained and muscle lengthens |
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Term
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Definition
| burn felt by lactic acid fermentation in muscles limits different people depending on disposition |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP depletion (usually only in death) |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of acetylcholine (illness) |
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Term
| physiological contracture |
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Definition
| muscular fatigue so severe that neither contraction nor relaxation can occur |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when Ca2+ ions leak into sarcoplasm and cause cross-bridging after death |
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Term
| The three energy source pathways, and their net ATP yield in increasing order |
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Definition
| Creatine Phosphate, 1 ATP; Anaerobic Respiration, 2 ATP; Aerobic Respiration, 36 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| postural and endurance muscles (running), fatigue resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid response (fighting), larger in diameter, less vascularized than slow twitch |
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