Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Borek Physiology Ch9 Lec11&12
"
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Resting potential of muscle cells
Definition
-85mV
Term
K+ leakage
Definition
slowly leaks through passive K transports, much stays in the cell due to negative charge of proteins
Term
Two kinds of ion channels and their roles in muscle movement
Definition
ligand-gated: binds ligand (ACh), allows Na+ into cell; starts action potential
ion gated: opens and closes in response to de/repolarization; propagates action potential
Term
Potential threshold of muscle cells
Definition
-50/55mV
Term
Na+/K+ pump, and role in muscle movement
Definition
antiport active transport pump which transports 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell simultaneously; restores muscle potential
Term
all-or-none principle
Definition
action potentials are like guns, they either fire, or they don't; strength depends on number/recruitment of action potentials/muscles to be acted upon
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
3 parts:
1) presynaptic terminal: axon terminal + synaptic vesicles
2)synaptic cleft: space
3)Motor End-Plate: sarcolemma invagination
Term
acetylcholinesterase
Definition
acetylcholine --> acetic acid + choline; choline is recycled to the axon terminal
Term
Follow the Na+ ion pathway from the synaptic cleft to tropomyosin movement (7 key words)
Definition
enters the SARCOLEMMA through the T TUBULES, which stimulates the two adjacent TERMINAL CISTERNAE of the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM in its TRIAD to release CALCIUM IONS, which bind TROPONIN which moves tropomyosin
Term
Number of ATP used for full muscular cycle
Definition
3
Term
Lag Phase
Definition
time b/t ACh binding the ligand-gated ion channel and contraction
Term
Strength of Motor Response
Definition
directly related to strength of stimulus
Term
Summation
Definition
more motor units contract = stronger contraction
Term
Treppe
Definition
staircase effect, possibly caused by changing levels of Ca2+ ions in the SR
Term
active tension
Definition
force applied to object when muscle contracts (lifting dumbell)
Term
passive tension
Definition
tension applied to load when muscle is stretched by not stimulated (holding dumbell)
Term
Isometric muscular force
Definition
increase in tension, no contraction (pushing on wall; standing); force, no work
Term
Isotonic
Definition
constant tension in contracting muscle; (smooth muscular activity like yoga; work, no acceleration)
Term
Concentric vs. Eccentric
Definition
overcomes opposing resistance, muscle shortens
vs.
tension maintained and muscle lengthens
Term
psychological fatigue
Definition
burn felt by lactic acid fermentation in muscles limits different people depending on disposition
Term
Muscular fatigue
Definition
ATP depletion (usually only in death)
Term
Synaptic fatigue
Definition
lack of acetylcholine (illness)
Term
physiological contracture
Definition
muscular fatigue so severe that neither contraction nor relaxation can occur
Term
rigor mortis
Definition
occurs when Ca2+ ions leak into sarcoplasm and cause cross-bridging after death
Term
The three energy source pathways, and their net ATP yield in increasing order
Definition
Creatine Phosphate, 1 ATP; Anaerobic Respiration, 2 ATP; Aerobic Respiration, 36 ATP
Term
Slow twitch oxidative
Definition
postural and endurance muscles (running), fatigue resistant
Term
Fast-twitch
Definition
rapid response (fighting), larger in diameter, less vascularized than slow twitch
Supporting users have an ad free experience!