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Borek Physiology Ch6 Lec9
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31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/14/2012

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Cards

Term
Compact bone (4)
Definition
functional unit: osteon
ossification: endochondral
hard bone
marrow: yellow
Term
Spongy bone (4)
Definition
functional unit: trabeculus
ossification: intramembraneous
cancellous bone
marrow: red
Term
structure of flat bones
Definition
no diaphyses/epiphyses; cancellous sandwiched between compact bone
Term
structure of short/irregular bone
Definition
compact bone surrounds cancellous bone center; similar to long bone epiphyses; no diaphyses (not elongated)
Term
intramembraneous ossification
examples
Definition
takes place in connective tissue membrane (forms cancellous bone)
some skull bones, diaphyses of clavicle
Term
endochondral bone
examples
Definition
takes place in cartilage (compact bone)
basal skull bones, epiphyses of clavicles, most other bones
Term
woven bone
Definition
initial ossification (both methods), later remodelled; after remodelling, intramembraneous and endochondral ossification are indistinguishible
Term
mesenchyme
Definition
precursor to ALL connective tissue
Term
Center of ossification
Definition
locations in membrane where intramembranous ossification begins
Term
fontanels
Definition
lare membrane-covered spaces b/t developing skull bones; unossified
Term
primary ossification centers
Definition
places in cartilage or membrane where ossification begins (both methods)
Diaphysis in long bones
Term
secondary ossification centers
Definition
places in cartilage where ossification begins independent of the primary ossification center (exclusive to endochondral ossification and therefore compact bone)
Epiphysis in long bones
Term
Interstitial growth
Definition
growth of cells within the cartilage (responsible for longitudinal bone growth)
Term
appositional growth
Definition
growth of bone or cartilage on the surface of the tissue (osteoblasts, undone by osteoclasts on the inside)
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
location of interstitial growth of cartilage, ossifies to form the epiphyseal line--ceases to grow
Term
layers of the epiphyseal plate (from epiphysis to diaphysis)
Definition
Resting cartilage, Proliferating zone (mitosis), zone of Hypertrophy, zone of Calcification
Mnemonic: Really Pretty Hair Comb
Term
Two factors that affect bone growth
Definition
Nutrition and hormones
Term
Four major nutrients and their affect on bone growth
Definition
Calcium (part of mineral matrix of bone); protein (collagen subunits); Vitamin D (calcium absorption); Vitamin C (necessary for collagen synthesis)
Term
Rickets
Definition
vitamin D deficiency in childhood, stunts growth
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
adult rickets leading to osteoporosis
Term
scurvy
Definition
vitamin C deficiency, teeth fall out
Term
4 hormones that affect bone growth
Definition
growth hormone (interstitial cartilage and appositional bone growth); thyroid hormone (general growth); estrogen/testosterone (pubescent growth, cause epiphyseal plate closure)
Term
Bone remodeling
Definition
regularly occuring during life; growth: more blast than clast, deficiency: more clast than blast; woven-->lamellar
Term
four steps of bone repair
Definition
1. Hematoma 2. Callus 3. callus Ossification 4. Remodeling
Mnemonic: Helen Cracked Oswald's Ramus
Term
PTH
Definition
parathyroid hormone, responsible for stimulating Ca2+ harvest from bone for blood
Term
Open bone fracture
Definition
(compound), bone break with open wound
Term
closed bone fracture
Definition
no skin perforation
Term
incomplete vs. complete bone fracture
Definition
not vs. extending across bone
Term
Greenstick fracture
Definition
incomplete occurs on convex curve of bone, young bone, damaged periosteum
Term
hairline fracture
Definition
incomplete with no separation of bone
Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
complete with more than one piece resulting
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