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Borek Physiology Ch1 Lec1
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34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/11/2012

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Term
Histology
Definition
study of tissues
Term
Structural/Functional Organization
Definition
Chemical -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> System -> Organism
Mnemonic: you Can Create Tables Of Structural Organization
Term
metabolism
Definition
all chemical reactions of the body
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
ability to sense changes and adjust. also, "responsiveness" or "static equilibrium"
Term
Differentiation
Definition
change from general to specific (as in embryonic development)
Term
Morphogenesis
Definition
change in shape of tissues, organs (as in fetal development)
Term
Set Point
give examples
Definition
ideal normal value of a variable (98.6 degrees for temperature; 9-11 mg/dL for blood sugar)
Term
negative feedback
give example
Definition
removal of original stimulus (blood pressure)
Term
Positive Feedback
give examples
Definition
enhancing original stimulus (clotting, childbirth, nerve impulse, blood pressure during hemorrhage)
Term
Components of Feedback Systems
give an example of each
Definition
Receptor, Control Center, Effector. (for blood pressure: sensers in carotid, medulla oblongata, and nervous response to SA node to change heart rate)
Term
stimulus (regarding feedback)
Definition
deviation from set point
Term
anatomical position (4)
Definition
1.Body erect 2.face forward 3.feet together 4.palms forward
Term
supine
Definition
lying face up
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down
Term
Superior (cephalic) vs. Inferior (caudal)
Definition
toward vs. away from the head
Term
Medial vs. Lateral
Definition
toward vs. away from midline
Term
proximal vs. distal
Definition
toward vs. away from base of appendage (knee is more proximal, foot is more distal)
Term
superficial vs. deep
Definition
toward vs. away from the surface of the body
Term
Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal)
Definition
forward vs. back
Term
Median and Sagittal planes
Definition
vertical through(M) or beside(S) the midline
Term
Frontal or Coronal plane
Definition
vertical separating object into anterior/posterior sections
Term
Transverse/Cross plane
Definition
horizontal to body; at a right angle to the length of an organ
Term
oblique plane
Definition
not at a straight/right angle
Term
longitudinal plane
Definition
cut along the length of object
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
that which contains the lungs, esophagus, trachea, cardiac vessels, thymus, and heart; and is above the diaphragm
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
that which contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities; and is below the diaphragm
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
that which contains the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and large intestine; and is superior to the pelvic cavity
Term
mediastinum
Definition
contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs
Term
peritoneum
Definition
serous membrane which covers all organs of the abdominal cavity except kidneys which are covered by the retroperitoneum, along with the pelvic organs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
that which contains the reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, the pelvic colon, and the rectum; and is inferior to the abdominal cavity
Term
Serous membrane
Definition
covers organs of trunk cavities, and line said cavities to reduce friction, etc.
Term
visceral serous membrane
Definition
inner wall (which covers organ)
Term
parietal serous membrane
Definition
outer wall (lines cavity)
Term
pleura
Definition
serous membrane which covers the lungs
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