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bones
classification of bones and cartilages
141
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2011

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Term
Olecranon fossa
Definition
a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea, in which the summit of the olecranon is received during extension of the forearm.
Term
Olecranon process
Definition
a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow.
Term
trochlea
Definition
The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus, a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia.
Term
Styloid process
Definition
distal point of radius proximal to thumb
Term
Radius/ head
Definition
proximal end
Term
Carpals
Definition
wrist bones
Term
metacarpals
Definition
bones in the hand
Term
phlanges
Definition
finger bones
Term
Pelvis/ Os coxa
Definition
hip bone composite
Term
Pelvis/ illium
Definition
point of hip, part of coxa with ischium and pubis
Term
Pelvis/ ischium
Definition
pelvic bone inferior to illium, posterior and lateral to pubis
Term
Pelvis/ pubis
Definition
inferior and anterior pelvic bone
Term
Pelvis/ greater sciatic notch
Definition
large notch under iliac spine, superior to ischial spine
Term
Obturator foramen
Definition
holes created by the 2 joints of the pubis and ischium.
Term
pubic symphosis
Definition
articulation of pubis bones
Term
acetabulum
Definition
The head of the femur meets with the pelvis here, forming the hip joint.
Term
Ischial tuberosity
Definition
large prominence inferior, posterior section of ischium
Term
Femur/ neck
Definition
between trochanter and head
Term
Femur/ Greater trochanter
Definition
a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence at the proximal end distal to head and neck
Term
Lateral and Medial condyles
Definition
the round prominence at the end of a bone (humerous, femur, etc.), most often part of a joint that fits in to a fossa of the articulating bone
Term
Tibia/ medial and lateral condyles
Definition
round prominences at proximal end
Term
Tibia/ medial malleolus
Definition
is the bony prominence on inner side of the ankle.
Term
Fibula/ medial malleolus
Definition
the bony prominence on outer side of the ankle.
Term
Tibial tuberosity
Definition
a large oblong elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end. BELOW KNEE CAP
Term
Hyaline
Definition
denotes a substance with a glass-like appearance.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type
Term
cartilage
Definition
a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs.
Term
Mesenchyme tissue
Definition
) the meshwork of embryonic connective tissue in the mesoderm from which are formed the connective tissues of the body and the blood and lymphatic vessels.
Term
CTP: Dense irregular: Joint Capsules
Definition
: Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Term
CTP: Dense: Elastic
Definition
: Dense regular
connective tissue containing a high
proportion of elastic fibers.
Term
Three types of cartilage:
Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Term
Cartilage: Hyaline
Definition
Amorphous but firm
matrix; collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network; chondroblasts
produce the matrix and when mature
(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.
covers the ends
of long bones in joint cavities; forms
costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynx and rib cage.
Term
Cartilage: Elastic
Definition
Similar to hyaline
cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix.
Supports the external
ear (pinna); epiglottis.
Term
Cartilage: Fibrocartilage
Definition
: Matrix similar to
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.
: Intervertebral discs;
pubic symphysis; discs of knee
joint.
Term
Osseous Tissue (BONE)
Definition
Hard, calcified
matrix containing many collagen
fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.
Very well vascularized.
Function: Bone supports and
protects (by enclosing);
provides levers for the muscles
to act on; stores calcium and
other minerals and fat; marrow
inside bones is the site for blood
cell formation (hematopoiesis).
Term
Condyle
Definition
the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone.
Term
crest
Definition
narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
Term
Trochanter
Definition
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (femur)
Term
Line
Definition
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
Term
tubercle
Definition
small rounded projection or process
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
raised area on or above a condyle
Term
Spine
Definition
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Term
Process
Definition
Prominence or projection
Term
Head
Definition
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Term
Facet
Definition
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Term
Facet
Definition
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Term
Ramus
Definition
Arm-like bar of bone
Term
Sinus
Definition
space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane
Term
Meatus
Definition
Canal-like passageway
Term
Fossa
Definition
Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface.
Term
groove
Definition
furrow
Term
Fissure
Definition
Narrow, slit-like opening
Term
Foramen
Definition
Round or oval opening through a bone
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Large, rounded projection
Term
Central Canal
Definition
vertical canal in compact long bones in middle of concentric lamellae
Term
Lacuna or lacunae (pl)
Definition
in compact bones, the concentric SPACES between the lamellae
Term
Lamella or Lamellae (pl)
Definition
the concentric rings of compact bone around the
Central or Haversian Canal
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
the living cells within the lacunae
Term
Osteon
Definition
the concentric formation of the Haversian Canal, Lacunae and Lamellae viewed as a whole unit. Many sandwiched parallel in long bones.
Term
Compact or Cancellous bone
Definition
dense, contains osteons.
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
ends of long bones beyond the epiphyseal plate containing spongy or trabecular bone.
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
middle portion of long bones containing medullary cavity and yellow marrow.
Term
Canaliculus or Canaliculi (pl)
Definition
tiny fissures perpendicular to lacunae pointing to and away from central canal. Blood flow.
Term
Red marrow
Definition
Hematopoietic tissue typically found in trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones and in the diploe of flat bones.
Term
Yellow marrow
Definition
marrow filling the medullary cavity of long bones.
Term
Diploe
Definition
the spongy bone in flat bones
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
covers ends of most bones and joints
Term
Epiphyseal Plate
Definition
plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Double layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone
Term
Endosteum
Definition
connective tissue membrane covering the internal bone surfaces
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bones.
Term
Cranium/Frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
Cranium/Parietal
Definition
lateral to frontal bone, superior to temporal bone
Term
Cranium/ Occipital
Definition
posterior and inferior to parietal bone
Term
Cranium/ Foramen Magnum
Definition
Hole for spinal column
Term
Occipital condyles
Definition
articulates with V-1 permitting a nodding motion
Term
Temporal bones
Definition
inferior to parietal bones articulates with mandible at the mandibular condyle
Term
Mastoid Process
Definition
anchors jaw muscle to temporal bone
Term
Styloid Process
Definition
thin projection; attachment point for several tongue and neck muscles.
Term
External Auditory Meatus
Definition
ear canal
Term
Jugular Foramen
Definition
hole for jugular vein between Occipital and Temporal bones directly inferior to external auditory meatus.
Term
Carotid Canal (2)
Definition
located in temporal bones anterior to jugular foramen, medial to styloid process
Term
Ethmoid
Definition
medial side of orbit, inferior to frontal, posterior to lacrimal, anterior to sphenoid, superior to maxillae
Term
Ethmoid/ Perpendicular plate
Definition
bisects nasal cavity with septum.
Term
Ethmoid/ Nasal Conchae
Definition
anterior process lateral to perpendicular plate
Term
Sphenoid
Definition
unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended.
Term
Sphenoid/ Sella Turcica
Definition
(literally Turkey Chair - indirectly translating to Turkish Chair) is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone of the human skull.
Term
Sphenoid/ Optic Foramina
Definition
The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal.
Term
Nasal Bones
Definition
Bridge of Nose. Articulates to Frontal and Maxilla
Term
Maxilla
Definition
Upper Jaw. articulates with nine bones:

two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid
seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, vomer, and the adjacent fused maxillary bone.
Term
Maxilla
Definition
Upper Jaw. articulates with nine bones:

two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid
seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, vomer, and the adjacent fused maxillary bone.
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
small bone, part of medial orbit wall. articulates with four bones: two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the maxilla and the inferior nasal concha.
Term
Zygomatic
Definition
Cheek Bones. articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone.
Term
Palatine
Definition
upper and posterior palate. situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid.
Term
Volmer
Definition
Inferior nasal cavity, singular, plow shaped, forms part of the nasal septum
Term
Inferior nasal concha
Definition
one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Its upper border is thin, irregular, and connected to various bones along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

It may be divided into three portions: of these,

the anterior articulates with the conchal crest of the maxilla;
the posterior with the conchal crest of the palatine;
Term
Mandible
Definition
Jaw. Articulates with temporal bone at mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Term
Coronal suture
Definition
between frontal and parietal bones
Term
Sagittal suture
Definition
between parietal bones
Term
Squamous suture
Definition
between parietal and temporal bones
Term
Lambdoidal suture
Definition
between parietal and occipital bones
Term
Hyoid bone
Definition
a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.Unlike other bones, the hyoid is only distantly articulated to other bones by muscles or ligaments.
Term
Centrum
Definition
Body of vertebrae, the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape.
Term
Vertebral Arch
Definition
the posterior part of a vertebra.

It consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes:

four articular processes
two transverse processes
one spinous process
Term
Transverse Processes
Definition
twin lateral processes on vertebral arch on posterior of vertebra
Term
Vertebral Foramen
Definition
Hole for spinal cord
Term
Intervertebral Foramina
Definition
Lateral openings between adjacent vertebra for spinal nerves
Term
Transverse Foramen
Definition
In cervical vertebrae, houses arteries to supply brain.
Term
Atlas
Definition
C-1, first vertebra
Term
Axis
Definition
C-2, Second vertebra
Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Definition
12, articulate with ribs
Term
Sacrum
Definition
5 fused vertebrae, inferior to lumbar, superior to coccyx
Term
Coccyx
Definition
termination of vertebra, tailbone
Term
Intervertebral Discs
Definition
Fibrous cartilage. 2 parts: nucleus pulposus (ball); anulus fibrosus (ring)
Term
Thorax
Definition
chest cavity
Term
Sternum
Definition
flat bone: Manubrium, Sternal angle, body, xiphoid joint, xiphoid process.
Term
Ribs
Definition
12; 7 true ribs, 5 false ribs (don't articulate to vertebrae), 2 of which are 'floating'
Term
Costal Cartilage
Definition
hyaline, attaches ribs to sternum
Term
Pectoral Girdle
Definition
Scapula, clavicle
Term
Clavicle
Definition
collar bone; articulates to manubrium, and Acromio-clavicular joint on scapula.
Term
Scapula
Definition
shoulder blade; articulates to clavicle and head of humerous
Term
Acromion Process
Definition
Large Lateral projection of scapula
Term
Coracoid Process
Definition
a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula.
Term
Glenoid Fossa/Cavity
Definition
shoulder joint on scapula
Term
Deltoid Tuberosity
Definition
attachment point for deltoid; ridge on lateral face of humerous.
Term
Trochlea
Definition
groove at distal end of humerous articulates to ulna
Term
Capitulum
Definition
condyle at distal, lateral end of humerous; articulates to radius
Term
Major functions of the skeletal system:
Definition
SUPPORT
MOVEMENT
PROTECTION
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
MINERAL DEPOSITS
Term
Region of growth in long bones
Definition
epiphyseal plate; bone chases cartilage
Term
Synarthroses
Definition
Immovable joints
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
Slightly moveable joints
Term
Diarthroses
Definition
freely movable joints
Term
Types of Joints:
Definition
FIBROUS
CARTILAGINOUS
SYNOVIAL
Term
Fibrous Joints:
Definition
SUTURES
SYNDESMOSES
GOMOPHOSES
Term
Sutures:
Definition
immovable bone seam; skull
Term
Syndesmoses
Definition
bones connected exclusively by ligaments, cords or bands of CT.; Distal ends of tib/fib
Term
Gophoses
Definition
socket joint; teeth
Term
Cartilaginous joints (2 types)
Definition
lack joint cavity, not highly movable
SYNCHONDROSES
SYMPHYSES
Term
SYNCHONDROSES
Definition
(growing together) amphiarthrotic joints with hyaline cartilage; intervertabral and pelvic joints
Term
SYNCHODROSES
Definition
(junction of cartilage) a Bar or Plate of hyaline cartilage such as the epiphyseal plate.
Term
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Definition
Have fluid containing joint cavity, highly movable. 6 FEATURES:
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
JOINT (SYNOVIAL) CAVITY
ARTICULAR CAPSULE
SYNOVIAL FLUID
REINFORCING LIGAMENTS
NERVES & BLOOD VESSELS
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