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Bones of the Skull
Bones of the skull, their contributions and features
76
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
01/21/2014

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Term
Name the two components of the skull
Definition
1. Facial skeleton
2. Cranial vault
Term
How many bones in the facial?
Definition
14
Term
How many in cranial?
Definition
8
Term
What is the most superior bone of the frontal view of the skull?
Definition
Frontal bone.
Term
(T/F) This bone is paired
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) This bone has two plates
Definition
True
Term
What does each form?
Definition
Vertical plate - forehead
Horizontal plate - roof of orbit/floor of anterior cranial fossa
Term
Describe the contribution of the vertical plate to the orbit?
Definition
The lower margin of the forehead features the upper orbital border
Term
Name the two other features of the frontal bone
Definition
1. The frontal sinuses
2. Supraorbital foramen (superior orbital notch)
Term
How many parietal bones are there?
Definition
2
Term
Which feature unites these two bones?
Definition
The sagittal suture
Term
What is the function of the parietal bones?
Definition
To form the walls and roof of the cranium
Term
Which other bones do the parietal bones articulate with?
Definition
1. Frontal 2. Temporal 3. Occipital 4. Sphenoid
Term
(T/F) The occipital bone is paired
Definition
False, it is a single bone
Term
What is the function of it?
Definition
Forms the back and posterior portion of the base of the skull
Term
What are the 7 main features of it?
Definition
1. Foramen magnum
2. Occipital chondyles
3. Hypoglossal canals
4. Jugular foramen
5. Superior nuchal line
6. Occipital protuberence
7. Clivus
Term
How many temporal bones are there?
Definition
2
Term
What is the function of the temporal bone?
Definition
Forms the sides of the skull, and contains the auditory devices
Term
What are the 3 major auditory components contained within the sphenoid bone?
Definition
1. Auditory tube (bony section)
2. Middle ear
3. Inner ear
Term
What type of bone is the upper temporal? What structure does it form?
Definition
Squamous (flat) - forms the temporal fossa (temple) with contributions from sphenoid, and parietal bones as well
Term
What type of bone is the lower temporal? Name the 10 features/contributions the temporal bones make.
Definition

Petrous (nonflat);

1. Internal acoustic meatus

2. External acoustic meatus

3. Zygomatic, styloid and mastoid processes,

4. foramen lacerum

5. carotid canal

6. part of the jugular foramen

7. Stylomastoid foramen

8. Mandibular fossa

Term
How many sphenoid bones are there?
Definition
1
Term
Name the 3 portions of it?
Definition
1. Greater wing
2. Lesser wing
3. Body
Term
Name the 4 prominent features of the body of the sphenoid bone?
Definition
1. Sphenoid sinuses
2. Sella turcica
3. Posterior clinoid processes
4. Jugum
Term
Where are the greater wings of the sphenoid attached to?
Definition
The body
Term
What 3 structures does the greater wing help form?
Definition
1. Floor of middle cranial fossa
2. Part of temporal fossa
3. Orbit
Term
(T/F) The greater wing contributes to the superior orbital fissure
Definition
True
Term
What 3 major foramen does it contain?
Definition
1. Foramen rotundum
2. Foramen ovale
3. Foramen spinosum
Term
What 3 structures do the lesser wings contribute to/contain?
Definition
1. Forms the posterior margin of the anterior cranial fossa 2. Anterior clinoid processes 3. Upper margin of superior orbital fissure
Term
Where are the optic canals located, relative to the clinoid processes?
Definition
They are medial to the anterior clinoid processes, and anterior to the sella turcica
Term
What is the major structure of the sphenoid not related to the greater/lesser wings, that is attached to the body?
Definition
The pterygoid process
Term
What are the two main features of the PP?
Definition
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
Term
What is found between the medial and lateral plates?
Definition
The pterygoid fossa
Term
Describe the makeup of the ethmoid bone?
Definition
1. Vertical plate
2. Horizontal plate
3. Two lateral masses
Term
What are the 3 contributions of the ethmoid bone to skull features?
Definition
1. Forms most f nasal skeleton
2. Forms the medial wall of the orbit
3. Forms a small medial/anterior section of the anterior cranial fossa
Term
What are the two features present on the portion of the ethmoid that contributes the anterior cranial fossa?
Definition
1. Crista galli (vertical plate) 2. Cribiform plate (horizontal plate)
Term
What is contained within the nasal component of the ethmoid?
Definition
The two lateral masses, as well as the vertical plate
Term
What is contained within each lateral mass?
Definition
1. Ethmoidal air cells
2. Superior nasal choncha
3. Middle nasal concha
Term
What is the function of the vertical plate within the nasal portion of the ethmoid?
Definition
Helps form the bony nasal septum
Term
What is found inferior to the nasal portion of the ethmoid?
Definition
The inferior nasal concha
Term
(T/F) This is a paired, shell shaped bone
Definition
True
Term
What is its function?
Definition
Forms part of the lateral wall of the nose, including the lowest concha on either side
Term
(T/F) The maxilla is a paired bone
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) It is a solid bone
Definition
False, it is hollow
Term
What feature is contained within the maxilla?
Definition
The maxillary sinus
Term
What is the function of the maxilla?
Definition
Form the upper jaw
Term
What are the main features of the maxilla?
Definition
1. Superior alveolar process
2. Palantine process
3. Zygomatic process
4. Frontal process
5. Infraorbital foramen
6. Incsive foramen
Term
How much of the hard palate does the maxillary bone form?
Definition
4/5
Term
Describe the contributions of the maxillary bone?
Definition
1. Medial border/wall of orbit
2. Inferior border and floor of orbit
Term
Which bone is found inferior to the maxilla?
Definition
The mandible
Term
(T/F) This bone is paired
Definition
False
Term
What is the vertical arm called? Horizontal arm?
Definition
1. Ramus
2. Body
Term
What is the mental protuberance?
Definition
The point of the jaw
Term
List the features of the ramus
Definition
1. Condyloid (articular) process
2. Coronoid process
Term
What is the function of the condyloid process?
Definition
Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
Term
What is the function of the coronoid process?
Definition
Provides attachment for the temporalis muscle
Term
Where do the body and ramus of the mandible meet?
Definition
At the angle of the mandible
Term
(T/F) The body has a thicker, lower base
Definition
True
Term
What is this base designed to support?
Definition
The inferior alveolar process
Term
What are the other prominent features of the body?
Definition

1. Mandibular foramen

2. Mental foramen

Term
What does it allow?
Definition
Nerves to pass to the lower teeth
Term
Where is it found?
Definition
Deep at the angle of the mandible
Term
What are the cheekbones?
Definition
The zygomatic bones
Term
Name the 3 processes on each zygomatic bone
Definition
1. Frontal
2. Maxillary
3. Temporal
Term
Which bone does the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch with?
Definition
The temporal bone
Term
Describe the contributions of the zygomatic bone
Definition
1. The wall and lateral border of the orbit
2. The lateral half of the inferior border and floor of orbit
Term
List the main features of the palantine bone?
Definition
1. L shaped
2. Horizontal process
Term
Describe the contributions of the palantine bone
Definition
1. Posterior fifth of the hard palate
2. posterior third of the lateral nasal wall
Term
Where is the lacrimal bone found?
Definition
On the medial wall of the orbit
Term
List the two contributions
Definition
1. Partially forms the opening of the nasolacrimal duct
2. Contributes to the lateral nasal wall
Term
What bone makes up the lower, posterior portion of the bony nasal septum?
Definition
The vomer
Term
What is the function of the nasal bones?
Definition
Form the bridge of the nose
Term
How many are there?
Definition
Two
Term
Where is the hyoid bone found?
Definition
Below the floor of the mouth
Term
What is its function?
Definition
It supports the larynx
Term
What are the 3 sections of the hyoid?
Definition
1. Body
2. Superior cornu (horn)
3. Inferior cornu (horn)
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